Editing New Mexico (section)

===Statehood===

{{Main|Admission to the Union|List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union}}
[[File:Spanish-American boy, Chamisal, New Mexico (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|A [[Hispanos of New Mexico|Hispano]] boy in [[Chamisal]], 1940]]
[[File:Homesteader and his children eating barbeque at the New Mexico Fair. Pie Town, New Mexico, October 1940.jpg|thumb|A [[Homesteading|homesteader]] and his children at the New Mexico Fair in [[Pie Town, New Mexico]], 1940]]

The [[United States Congress]] admitted New Mexico as the [[List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union|47th state]] on January 6, 1912.<ref name="Simmons 1988" />{{Rp|166}} It had been eligible for statehood 60 years earlier, but was delayed due to the perception that its majority [[Mexican American|Hispanic]] population was "alien" to U.S. culture and political values.<ref>{{Cite web|title=New Mexico Art Tells New Mexico History {{!}} History: Statehood|url=http://online.nmartmuseum.org/nmhistory/people-places-and-politics/statehood/history-statehood.html|access-date=July 30, 2020|website=online.nmartmuseum.org|archive-date=December 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201212151035/http://online.nmartmuseum.org/nmhistory/people-places-and-politics/statehood/history-statehood.html|url-status=live}}</ref> When the U.S. entered the First World War roughly five years later, New Mexicans volunteered in significant numbers, in part to prove their loyalty as full-fledged citizens of the U.S. The state ranked fifth in the nation for military service, enlisting more than 17,000 recruits from all 33 counties; over 500 New Mexicans were killed in the war.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Details |url=https://www.nmhistorymuseum.org/exhibition/details/3928/the-first-world-war |access-date=2023-05-23 |website=www.nmhistorymuseum.org |language=en |archive-date=May 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230523041506/https://www.nmhistorymuseum.org/exhibition/details/3928/the-first-world-war |url-status=live }}</ref>

Indigenous-Hispanic families had long been established since the Spanish and Mexican era,<ref name="Oropeza 2019 pp. 162–189">{{cite book | last=Oropeza | first=Lorena | title=The King of Adobe | chapter=The Indo-Hispano | publisher=University of North Carolina Press | date=September 9, 2019 | doi=10.5149/northcarolina/9781469653297.003.0008 | pages=162–189| isbn=9781469653297 | s2cid=243732529 }}</ref> but most American settlers in the state had an uneasy relationship with the large Native American tribes.<ref name="Noel 2011 pp. 430–467">{{cite journal | last=Noel | first=Linda C. | title="I am an American": Anglos, Mexicans, Nativos, and the National Debate over Arizona and New Mexico Statehood | journal=Pacific Historical Review | publisher=University of California Press | volume=80 | issue=3 | date=August 1, 2011 | issn=0030-8684 | doi=10.1525/phr.2011.80.3.430 | pages=430–467}}</ref> Most indigenous New Mexicans lived on [[Indian reservation|reservations]] and near old ''placitas'' and ''villas''. In 1924, Congress passed a law granting all Native Americans U.S. citizenship and the right to vote in federal and state elections. However, Anglo-American arrivals into New Mexico enacted [[Jim Crow laws]] against Hispanos, Hispanic Americans, and those who did not pay taxes, targeting indigenous affiliated individuals;<ref name="suffrage">[http://scholars.law.unlv.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1311&context=nlj Willard Hughes Rollings, "Citizenship and Suffrage: The Native American Struggle for Civil Rights in the American West, 1830–1965"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105010307/http://scholars.law.unlv.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1311&context=nlj |date=November 5, 2016 }}, ''Nevada Law Journal'' Vol. 5:126, Fall 2004; accessed July 18, 2016</ref> because Hispanics often had [[interpersonal relationship]]s with indigenous peoples, they were often subject to [[Racial segregation in the United States|segregation]], [[Racial inequality in the United States|social inequality]], and [[employment discrimination]].<ref name="Noel 2011 pp. 430–467"/>

During the fight for [[women's suffrage in the United States]], New Mexico's Hispano and Mexican women at the forefront included Trinidad Cabeza de Baca, Dolores "Lola" Armijo, Mrs. James Chavez, Aurora Lucero, Anita "Mrs. Secundino" Romero, Arabella "Mrs. Cleofas" Romero and her daughter, Marie.<ref name="Cahill 2020">{{cite web | last=Cahill | first=Cathleen D. | title=Suffrage in Spanish: Hispanic Women and the Fight for the 19th Amendment in New Mexico (U.S. National Park Service) | website=NPS.gov Homepage (U.S. National Park Service) | date=June 24, 2020 | url=https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/suffrage-in-spanish-hispanic-women-and-the-fight-for-the-19th-amendment-in-new-mexico.htm | access-date=December 15, 2022 | archive-date=December 15, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215042025/https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/suffrage-in-spanish-hispanic-women-and-the-fight-for-the-19th-amendment-in-new-mexico.htm | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Strykowski 2022">{{cite web | last=Strykowski | first=Jason | title='Sphere of Usefulness': New Mexico and women's suffrage | website=Santa Fe New Mexican | date=December 14, 2022 | url=https://www.santafenewmexican.com/pasatiempo/sphere-of-usefulness-new-mexico-and-womens-suffrage/article_d3a8babc-6f97-11ea-ab2a-23fc6a5b19dc.html | access-date=December 15, 2022 | archive-date=December 15, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215042028/https://www.santafenewmexican.com/pasatiempo/sphere-of-usefulness-new-mexico-and-womens-suffrage/article_d3a8babc-6f97-11ea-ab2a-23fc6a5b19dc.html | url-status=live }}</ref>

A major oil discovery in 1928 near the town of [[Hobbs, New Mexico|Hobbs]] brought greater wealth to the state, especially in surrounding [[Lea County, New Mexico|Lea County]].<ref>{{cite web|title=New Mexico Oil Discovery|url=http://aoghs.org/states/hobbs-new-mexico-oil-discovery/|access-date=July 7, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715023843/http://aoghs.org/states/hobbs-new-mexico-oil-discovery/|archive-date=July 15, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> The New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources called it "the most important single discovery of oil in New Mexico's history".<ref name=AOGHS>{{cite web|last1=Wells|first1=Bruce|title=New Mexico Oil Discovery|url=http://aoghs.org/oil-and-gas-history/hobbs-new-mexico-oil-discovery/|website=American Oil & Gas Historical Society|access-date=June 8, 2014|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140608130815/http://aoghs.org/oil-and-gas-history/hobbs-new-mexico-oil-discovery/|archive-date=June 8, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Nevertheless, agriculture and cattle ranching remained the primary economic activities.

New Mexico was [[New Mexico during World War II|greatly transformed]] by the U.S. entry into the [[Second World War]] in December 1941. As in the First World War, [[Patriotism in the United States|patriotism]] ran high among New Mexicans, including among marginalized Hispanic and indigenous communities; on a per capita basis, New Mexico produced more volunteers, and suffered more casualties, than any other state. The war also spurred economic development, particularly in extractive industries, with the state becoming a leading supplier of several strategic resources. New Mexico's rough terrain and geographic isolation made it an attractive location for several sensitive military and scientific installations; the most famous was [[Los Alamos, New Mexico|Los Alamos]], one of the central facilities of the [[Manhattan Project]], where the first [[atomic bomb]]s were designed and manufactured. The first bomb was tested at [[Trinity site]] in the desert between [[Socorro, New Mexico|Socorro]] and [[Alamogordo, New Mexico|Alamogordo]], which is today part of the [[White Sands Missile Range]].<ref name="Simmons 1988" />{{Rp|179–180}}

As a legacy of the Second World War, New Mexico continues to receive large amounts of federal government spending on major military and research institutions. In addition to the White Sands Missile Range, the state hosts three U.S. Air Force bases that were established or expanded during the war. While the high military presence brought considerable investment, it has also been the center of controversy; on May 22, 1957, a B-36 [[Mark 17 nuclear bomb#1957 incident|accidentally dropped]] a nuclear bomb 4.5 miles from the control tower while landing at [[Kirtland Air Force Base]] in Albuquerque; only its conventional "trigger" detonated.<ref>Adler, Les. [http://www.hkhinc.com/newmexico/albuquerque/doomsday/ "Albuquerque's Near-Doomsday".] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515060717/http://www.hkhinc.com/newmexico/albuquerque/doomsday/|date=May 15, 2019}} ''Albuquerque Tribune''. January 20, 1994.</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=August 27, 1986 |title=Accident Revealed After 29 Years: H-Bomb Fell Near Albuquerque in 1957 |work=Los Angeles Times |agency=Associated Press |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-08-27-mn-14421-story.html |url-status=live |access-date=August 23, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140910195156/http://articles.latimes.com/1986-08-27/news/mn-14421_1_hydrogen-bomb |archive-date=September 10, 2014}}</ref> The [[Los Alamos National Laboratory]] and [[Sandia National Laboratories]], two of the nation's leading [[United States Department of Energy National Laboratories|federal scientific research facilities]], originated from the Manhattan Project. The focus on high technology is still a top priority of the state, to the extent that it became a center for [[unidentified flying object]]s, especially following the 1947 [[Roswell incident]].

New Mexico saw its population nearly double from roughly 532,000 in 1940 to over 954,000 by 1960.<ref name="1990 CPH2">{{cite book |title=Population and Housing Unit Counts |publisher=U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census |isbn=978-9994641253 |series=1990 Census of Population and Housing |volume=CPH-2-1 |pages=26–27 |chapter=Table 16. Population: 1790 to 1990 |access-date=July 3, 2008 |chapter-url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-dens-text.php |chapter-format=PDF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111028061117/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-dens-text.php |archive-date=October 28, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |entry=New Mexico – Spanish and Mexican rule |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=2021-07-20 |language=en |entry-url=https://www.britannica.com/place/New-Mexico |archive-date=October 12, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012085307/https://www.britannica.com/place/New-Mexico |url-status=live }}</ref> In addition to federal personnel and agencies, many residents and businesses moved to the state, particularly from the northeast, often drawn by its warm climate and low taxes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Cortney |date=January 5, 2022 |title=Americans largely moved to 'low-density' states in 2021: Study |url=https://www.foxbusiness.com/lifestyle/10-states-high-move-in-rates-2021-united-van-lines-study |access-date=2022-01-07 |website=FOXBusiness |language=en-US |archive-date=January 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107053901/https://www.foxbusiness.com/lifestyle/10-states-high-move-in-rates-2021-united-van-lines-study |url-status=live }}</ref> The pattern continues into the 21st century, with New Mexico adding over 400,000 residents between 2000 and 2020.

Native Americans from New Mexico fought for the United States in both world wars. Returning veterans were disappointed to find their civil rights limited by state discrimination. In Arizona and New Mexico, veterans challenged state laws or practices prohibiting them from voting. In 1948, after veteran Miguel Trujillo Sr. of [[Isleta Pueblo]] was told by the county registrar that he could not register to vote, he filed suit against the county in federal district court. A three-judge panel overturned as unconstitutional New Mexico's provisions that Native Americans who did not pay taxes (and could not document if they had paid taxes) could not vote.<ref name="suffrage" /><ref group="Note">"Any other citizen, regardless of race, in the State of New Mexico who has not paid one cent of tax of any kind or character, if he possesses the other qualifications, may vote. An Indian, and only an Indian, in order to meet the qualifications to vote, must have paid a tax. How you can escape the conclusion that makes a requirement with respect to an Indian as a qualification to exercise the elective franchise and does not make that requirement with respect to the member of any race is beyond me."</ref>

In the early to mid-20th century, the art presence in Santa Fe grew, and it became known as one of the world's great art centers.<ref name="ARTnews.com 2022">{{cite web | title=The City Different: A Deep-Rooted Art Scene Is the Key to Santa Fe's Magic | website=ARTnews.com | date=October 1, 2022 | url=https://www.artnews.com/art-news/sponsored-content/santa-fe-tourism-city-deep-rooted-art-scene-1234640456/ | access-date=December 15, 2022 | archive-date=December 15, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215042025/https://www.artnews.com/art-news/sponsored-content/santa-fe-tourism-city-deep-rooted-art-scene-1234640456/ | url-status=live }}</ref> The presence of artists such as [[Georgia O'Keeffe]] attracted many others, including those along [[Canyon Road, Santa Fe, New Mexico|Canyon Road]].<ref name="Vin 2021">{{cite web | last=Vin | first=Priya | title=Gallery Stroll & Art on Canyon Road, Santa Fe | website=Outside Suburbia Family | date=March 18, 2021 | url=https://outsidesuburbia.com/north-america/united-states/gallery-art-canyon-road-santa-fe/ | access-date=December 15, 2022 | archive-date=December 15, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215042027/https://outsidesuburbia.com/north-america/united-states/gallery-art-canyon-road-santa-fe/ | url-status=live }}</ref> In the late 20th century, Native Americans were authorized by federal law to establish gaming casinos on their reservations under certain conditions, in states which had authorized such gaming. Such facilities have helped tribes close to population centers generate revenues for reinvestment in the economic development and welfare of their peoples. The [[Albuquerque metropolitan area]] is home to several casinos as a result.<ref name="Albuquerque Journal 2021">{{cite news | title=Sandia Resort & Casino to reopen following major addition | newspaper=Albuquerque Journal | date=July 2, 2021 | url=https://www.abqjournal.com/2405636/sandia-resort-casino-to-reopen-following-major-addition.html | access-date=December 15, 2022 | archive-date=December 15, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215042027/https://www.abqjournal.com/2405636/sandia-resort-casino-to-reopen-following-major-addition.html | url-status=live }}</ref>

In the 21st century, employment growth areas in New Mexico include [[electronic circuit]]ry, [[scientific research]], information technology, [[List of casinos in New Mexico|casinos]], [[art of the American Southwest]], food, [[List of films shot in New Mexico|film]], and [[Media in Albuquerque, New Mexico|media, particularly in Albuquerque]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bber.unm.edu/pubs/WRSA.pdf |title=The Southwest Heartland: The Good, the Bad & the Ugly |access-date=October 12, 2008 |last=Reynis |first=Lee A. |author2=Marshall J. Vest |page=12 |publisher=University of New Mexico, Bureau of Business and Economic Research |year=2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225004318/http://bber.unm.edu/pubs/WRSA.pdf |archive-date=February 25, 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The state was the founding location of [[Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems]], which led to the founding of [[Microsoft]] in Albuquerque.<ref name="Microsoft Learn 1975">{{cite web | title=1975 | website=Microsoft Learn | date=January 1, 1975 | url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/shows/history/history-of-microsoft-1975 | access-date=December 15, 2022 | archive-date=December 15, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215042026/https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/shows/history/history-of-microsoft-1975 | url-status=live }}</ref> [[Intel]] maintains their F11X in [[Rio Rancho, New Mexico|Rio Rancho]], which also hosts an IT center for [[HP Inc.]]<ref name="Cutress 2021">{{cite web | last=Cutress | first=Ian | title=Intel's Process Roadmap to 2025: with 4nm, 3nm, 20A and 18A?! | website=AnandTech | date=July 26, 2021 | url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/16823/intel-accelerated-offensive-process-roadmap-updates-to-10nm-7nm-4nm-3nm-20a-18a-packaging-foundry-emib-foveros | access-date=December 15, 2022 | archive-date=November 3, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211103110548/https://www.anandtech.com/show/16823/intel-accelerated-offensive-process-roadmap-updates-to-10nm-7nm-4nm-3nm-20a-18a-packaging-foundry-emib-foveros | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Lorenz 2022"/> [[New Mexican cuisine|New Mexico's culinary scene]] became recognized and is now a source of revenue for the state.<ref name="Washington 2018">{{cite web | last=Washington | first=Francesca | title=New Mexico Green chile's increasing popularity, putting strain on local supply | website=KRQE NEWS 13 – Breaking News, Albuquerque News, New Mexico News, Weather, and Videos | date=January 16, 2018 | url=https://www.krqe.com/news/new-mexico-green-chiles-increasing-popularity-putting-strain-on-local-supply/ | access-date=December 15, 2022 | archive-date=December 15, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215043341/https://www.krqe.com/news/new-mexico-green-chiles-increasing-popularity-putting-strain-on-local-supply/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Kennedy 2022">{{cite web | last=Kennedy | first=Adrienne Katz | title=21 Foods You Have To Try In New Mexico | website=Tasting Table | date=September 14, 2022 | url=https://www.tastingtable.com/1008329/foods-you-have-to-try-in-new-mexico/ | access-date=December 15, 2022 | archive-date=December 15, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215043329/https://www.tastingtable.com/1008329/foods-you-have-to-try-in-new-mexico/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Seymore 2019">{{cite web | last=Seymore | first=Jami | title=Albuquerque restaurant makes fifth appearance on Food Network | website=KRQE NEWS 13 – Breaking News, Albuquerque News, New Mexico News, Weather, and Videos | date=November 12, 2019 | url=https://www.krqe.com/news/albuquerque-metro/albuquerque-restaurant-makes-fifth-appearance-on-food-network/ | access-date=December 15, 2022 | archive-date=December 15, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215043327/https://www.krqe.com/news/albuquerque-metro/albuquerque-restaurant-makes-fifth-appearance-on-food-network/ | url-status=live }}</ref> [[Albuquerque Studios]] has become a filming hub for [[Netflix]], and it was brought international media production companies to the state like [[NBCUniversal]].<ref name="Jr Jr 2020">{{cite web | last1=Fleming | first1=Mike Jr. | title=Netflix Commits $1 Billion More In New Mexico Production Funding As It Expands ABQ Studios; 'Stranger Things' Joins List Of Albuquerque-Set Shows | website=Deadline | date=November 23, 2020 | url=https://deadline.com/2020/11/netflix-billion-dollar-production-commitment-new-mexico-abq-studios-stranger-things-1234620435/ | access-date=December 15, 2022 | archive-date=July 5, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705191312/https://deadline.com/2020/11/netflix-billion-dollar-production-commitment-new-mexico-abq-studios-stranger-things-1234620435/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Gomez 2022">{{cite news | last=Gomez | first=Adrian | title=Netflix forging ahead with expansion in NM | newspaper=Albuquerque Journal | date=May 25, 2022 | url=https://www.abqjournal.com/2502411/netflix-forging-ahead-with-expansion-in-nm.html | access-date=December 15, 2022 | archive-date=September 3, 2022 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20220903120530/https://www.abqjournal.com/2502411/netflix-forging-ahead-with-expansion-in-nm.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Padilla NBCUniversal 2021">{{cite news | last=Padilla | first=Anna | title=NBCUniversal New Mexico production studio to bring hundreds of jobs | work=KRQE NEWS 13 | date=June 24, 2021 | url=https://www.krqe.com/news/business/ribbon-cutting-to-take-place-for-nbcuniversal-new-mexico-production-studio/ | access-date=December 15, 2022 | archive-date=December 15, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215044039/https://www.krqe.com/news/business/ribbon-cutting-to-take-place-for-nbcuniversal-new-mexico-production-studio/ | url-status=live }}</ref>

The [[COVID-19 pandemic]] was confirmed to have reached the U.S. state of New Mexico on March 11, 2020.  On December 23, 2020, the New Mexico Department of Health reported 1,174 new COVID-19 cases and 40 deaths, bringing the cumulative statewide totals to 133,242 cases and 2,243 deaths since the start of the pandemic.<ref name="dash">{{cite web |title=NMDOH COVID-19 Public Dashboard |url=https://cvprovider.nmhealth.org/public-dashboard.html |website=New Mexico Department of Health |access-date=May 11, 2023 |archive-date=May 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230523201516/https://cvprovider.nmhealth.org/public-dashboard.html |url-status=live }}</ref>