Editing Neurology (section)

===Overlap with psychiatry===
{{Further|Psychoneuroimmunology|Neuropsychiatry}}

In the past, prior to the advent of more advanced diagnostic techniques such as [[MRI]] some neurologists have considered psychiatry and neurology to overlap. Although [[mental illness]]es are believed by many{{Weasel inline|date=November 2024}} to be neurological disorders affecting the central nervous system, traditionally they are classified separately, and treated by [[psychiatrists]]. In a 2002 review article in the ''[[American Journal of Psychiatry]]'', Professor Joseph B. Martin, Dean of [[Harvard Medical School]] and a neurologist by training, wrote, "the separation of the two categories is arbitrary, often influenced by beliefs rather than proven scientific observations. And the fact that the brain and mind are one makes the separation artificial anyway".<ref name="pmid11986119">{{cite journal
|author=Martin JB
|title=The integration of neurology, psychiatry, and neuroscience in the 21st century
|journal=The American Journal of Psychiatry
|volume=159
|issue=5
|pages=695–704
|date=May 2002
|pmid=11986119
|doi=10.1176/appi.ajp.159.5.695
}}</ref>

[[Neurological disorders]] often have [[psychiatric]] manifestations, such as post-stroke depression, depression and [[dementia]] associated with [[Parkinson's disease]], mood and cognitive dysfunctions in Alzheimer's disease, and [[Huntington disease]], to name a few. Hence, the sharp distinction between neurology and psychiatry is not always on a biological basis. The dominance of [[psychoanalysis|psychoanalytic theory]] in the first three-quarters of the 20th century has since then been largely replaced by a focus on pharmacology.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kandel|first=Eric R.|date=1998|title=A New Intellectual Framework for Psychiatry|url=http://psychiatryonline.org/doi/abs/10.1176/ajp.155.4.457|journal=American Journal of Psychiatry|language=en|volume=155|issue=4|pages=457–469|doi=10.1176/ajp.155.4.457|pmid=9545989|issn=0002-953X|access-date=9 June 2021|archive-date=17 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117144615/https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/ajp.155.4.457|url-status=live}}</ref> Despite the shift to a medical [[Conceptual model|model]], brain science has not advanced to a point where scientists or [[clinicians]] can point to readily discernible pathological lesions or genetic abnormalities that in and of themselves serve as reliable or predictive [[biomarkers]] of a given mental disorder.