Editing Navigation (section)

===Piloting===
{{Further|Pilotage}}
[[File:Navigatie.jpg|thumb|Manual navigation through Dutch airspace]]
Piloting (also called pilotage) involves navigating an aircraft by visual reference to landmarks,<ref name="14cfr1">Federal Aviation Regulations Part 1 §1.1</ref> or a water vessel in restricted waters and fixing its position as precisely as possible at frequent intervals.<ref name="bow105">Bowditch, 2002:105.</ref> More so than in other phases of navigation, proper preparation and attention to detail are important.<ref name="bow105"/> Procedures vary from vessel to vessel, and between military, commercial, and private vessels.<ref name="bow105"/> As pilotage takes place in [[Waves and shallow water|shallow waters]], it typically involves following courses to ensure sufficient [[under keel clearance]], ensuring a sufficient depth of water below the [[Draft (hull)|hull]] as well as a consideration for [[Squat effect|squat]].<ref name="Gilardoni Presedo 2017">{{cite book | last1=Gilardoni | first1=Eduardo O. | last2=Presedo | first2=Juan P. | title=Navigation in Shallow Waters | publisher=[[Witherby Publishing Group]] | publication-place=Livingston, Scotland | date=2017 | isbn=978-1-85609-667-6}}</ref> It may also involve navigating a ship within a river, [[canal]] or [[Channel (geography)|channel]] in close proximity to land.<ref name="Gilardoni Presedo 2017"/>

A military navigation team will nearly always consist of several people.<ref name="bow105"/> A military navigator might have bearing takers stationed at the gyro repeaters on the bridge wings for taking simultaneous bearings, while the civilian navigator on a merchant ship or leisure craft must often take and plot their position themselves, typically with the aid of electronic position fixing.<ref name="bow105"/> While the military navigator will have a bearing book and someone to record entries for each fix, the civilian navigator will simply pilot the bearings on the chart as they are taken and not record them at all.<ref name="bow105"/> If the ship is equipped with an [[ECDIS]], it is reasonable for the navigator to simply monitor the progress of the ship along the chosen track, visually ensuring that the ship is proceeding as desired, checking the compass, sounder and other indicators only occasionally.<ref name="bow105"/> If a [[harbour pilot|pilot]] is aboard, as is often the case in the most restricted of waters, his judgement can generally be relied upon, further easing the workload.<ref name="bow105"/> But should the ECDIS fail, the navigator will have to rely on his skill in the manual and time-tested procedures.<ref name="bow105"/>