Editing National Institutes of Health (section)

===Economic return===
In 2000, the [[United States Congressional Joint Economic Committee|
Joint Economic Committee of Congress]] reported NIH research, which was funded at $16 billion a year in 2000, that some econometric studies had given a rate of return of 25 to 40 percent per year by reducing the economic cost of illness in the US. It found that of the 21 drugs with the highest therapeutic impact on society introduced between 1965 and 1992, public funding was "instrumental" for 15.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=U.S. Joint Economic Committee |date=May 2000 |url= http://www.faseb.org/portals/2/pdfs/opa/2008/nih_research_benefits.pdf |title=The Benefits of Medical Research and the Role of the NIH |access-date=May 25, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150412003136/http://www.faseb.org/portals/2/pdfs/opa/2008/nih_research_benefits.pdf |archive-date=April 12, 2015 }}</ref> As of 2011, NIH-supported research helped to discover 153 new FDA-approved drugs, vaccines, and new indications for drugs in the 40 years prior.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Stevens |first1=A. J. |last2=Jensen |first2=J. J. |last3=Wyller |first3=K. |last4=Kilgore |first4=P. C. |last5=Chatterjee |first5=S. |last6=Rohrbaugh |first6=M. L. |title=The Role of Public-Sector Research in the Discovery of Drugs and Vaccines |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |year=2011 |volume=364 |issue= 6|pages=535–541 |doi=10.1056/NEJMsa1008268 |pmid=21306239 |doi-access=free }}</ref> One study found NIH funding aided either directly or indirectly in developing the drugs or drug targets for all of the 210 FDA-approved drugs from 2010 to 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.statnews.com/2018/02/12/nih-funding-drug-development/|title=NIH funding contributed to 210 approved drugs in recent years, study says|date=February 12, 2018|website=statnews.com|access-date=May 7, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322020227/https://www.statnews.com/2018/02/12/nih-funding-drug-development/|archive-date=March 22, 2018}}</ref> In 2015, Pierre Azoulay et al. estimated $10 million invested in research generated two to three new patents.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Pierre |last1=Azoulay |first2=Joshua S. |last2=Graff Zivin |first3=Danielle |last3=Li |first4=Bhaven N. |last4=Sampat |title=Public R&D Investments and Private-sector Patenting: Evidence from NIH Funding Rules |journal=NBER Working Paper No. 20889 |date=January 2015 |doi=10.3386/w20889 |doi-access=free }}</ref>