Editing Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab (section)

=== Pact with Muhammad bin Saud ===
{{Further|Diriyah Pact|label1=Diriyah Pact}}[[File:Diriyah agreement 1744.png|thumb|right|260px|A 20th century illustration of the [[Diriyah Pact]]]]
Upon his expulsion from '[[Uyayna]], Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab was invited to settle in neighboring [[Diriyah]] by its ruler [[Muhammad bin Saud Al Muqrin|Muhammad ibn Saud Al Muqrin]]. After some time in Diriyah, Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab concluded his second and more successful agreement with a ruler.{{sfn|Delong-Bas|2004|page=34}} Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab and Muhammad bin Saud agreed that, together, they would bring the [[Arabs]] of the [[Arabian Peninsula|peninsula]] back to the "true" principles of [[Islam]] as they saw it. According to the anonymous author of ''Lam al-Shihab'' (Brilliance of the Meteor), when they first met, Ibn Saud declared:<blockquote>"This oasis is yours, do not fear your enemies. By the name of God, if all Nejd was summoned to throw you out, we will never agree to expel you."<ref name="Al-Rasheed 2010 16">{{Cite book|last=Al-Rasheed |first=Madawi |title=A History of Saudi Arabia: Second Edition |publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2010 |isbn= 978-0-521-76128-4 | location=Cambridge, UK |page=16|chapter= 1: Society and politics, 1744-1818 and 1824–1891}}</ref></blockquote>

Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab replied:<blockquote>"You are the settlement's chief and wise man. I want you to grant me an oath that you will perform jihad against the unbelievers. In return, you will be imam, leader of the Muslim community and I will be leader in religious matters."<ref name="Al-Rasheed 2010 16"/></blockquote>
[[File:صورة_لمدخل_الدرعية_كما_تخيله_انكيري_في_كتابه_إبراهيم_باشا.jpg|right|thumb|A portrait of the entrance to the city of [[Diriyah]]]]
The agreement was confirmed with a mutual oath of loyalty (''[[bay'ah]]'') in 1744.<ref>[[#Kin08|Ibnsaud.info 2008]]</ref> Once Al-Sa'ud made Dir'iyya a safe haven, Wahhabis from other towns took refuge. These included dissenters from Ibn Mu'ammar clan who had sworn allegiance to Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab. The nucleus of Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab's supporters all across [[Najd]] retreated to Dir'iyyah and formed the vanguard of the insurgency launched by Al-Saud against other towns.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Crawford|first=Michael|title=Makers of the Muslim World: Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab|publisher=One World Publications|year=2014|isbn=978-1-78074-589-3|location=London|pages=43–44|chapter=3: Guide of the community}}</ref>

From a person who started his career as a lone activist, Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab would become the spiritual guide of the [[Emirate of Diriyah|nascent Emirate]] of [[Muhammad bin Saud Al Muqrin|Muhammad ibn Saud Al-Muqrin]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Crawford|first=Michael|title=Makers of the Muslim World: Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab|publisher=One World Publications|year=2014|isbn=978-1-78074-589-3|location=London|page=27|chapter=Chapter 2: Agitator for God|quote="Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab's formal output was limited. He was above all a preacher, teacher and activist."}}</ref> Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab would be responsible for religious matters and Ibn Saud in charge of political and military issues.{{sfn|Delong-Bas|2004|page=34}} This agreement became a "mutual support pact"<ref>{{cite book|author=Parker T. Hart|title=Saudi Arabia and the United States: Birth of a Security Partnership|url=https://archive.org/details/saudiarabiaunite00hart|url-access=registration|year=1998|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=0-253-33460-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/saudiarabiaunite00hart/page/7 7]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Sebastian Maisel|author2=John A. Shoup|title=Saudi Arabia and the Gulf Arab States Today: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Arab States|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uhJu2_8vMkMC&pg=PA228|date= 2009|publisher=Greenwood Press|isbn=978-0-313-34442-8|page=228|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160504150551/https://books.google.com/books?id=uhJu2_8vMkMC&pg=PA228|archive-date=4 May 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> and power-sharing arrangement<ref>{{cite book|author1=Hunt Janin|author2=André Kahlmeyer|title=Islamic Law: The Sharia from Muhammad's Time to the Present|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VtEdBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA92|year= 2007|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-1-4766-0881-5|page=92|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528225920/https://books.google.com/books?id=VtEdBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA92|archive-date=28 May 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> between the [[House of Saud|Aal Saud family]], and the ''[[Al ash-Sheikh|Aal ash-Sheikh]]'' and followers of Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab, which had remained in place for nearly 300 years,<ref>[[#Oba99|Obaid 1999]]: 51–58.</ref> providing the ideological impetus to Saudi expansion.<ref>[[#Fak97|Faksh 1997]]: 89–90.</ref> Reviving the teachings of [[Ibn Taymiyyah|Ibn Taymiyya]], the ''Muwaḥḥidūn'' (Unitarian) movement emphasized strict adherence to ''[[Quran|Qur'an]]'' and ''[[Sunnah]]''; while simultaneously championing the conception of an [[Islamic state]] based on the model of early Muslim community in [[Medina]]. Meanwhile, it's Muslim and Western opponents derogatorily labelled the movement as the "''Wahhābiyyah''" (anglicised as "Wahhabism").<ref>{{Cite book|author=Naghma|url=https://archive.org/details/ImpactOfTheAhlAlHadithMovementOnContemporaryMuslimSocietyInIndia/page/n103/mode/2up?view=theater|title=Impact of the Ahl-e-Hadith Movement on Contemporary Muslim Society in India|publisher=Aligarh Muslim University|year=2015|location=Aligarh, India|pages=58, 71}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Esposito|first=John L. |title=The Oxford Dictionary of Islam|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2003|isbn=0-19-512558-4|location=New York|page=333}}</ref><ref name="C. Martin 2004 727">{{Cite book|last=Martin |first=Richard C.|title=Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World|publisher=Macmillan Reference USA|year=2004|isbn=0-02-865603-2|location=New York |page=727}}</ref>