Editing Moravia (section)

=== Habsburg rule (1526–1918) ===
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{{anchor|Habsburg Rule (1526-1918)}}
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After the death of King [[Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia]] in 1526, [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand I]] of [[Habsburg monarchy|Austria]] was elected King of Bohemia and thus ruler of the [[Crown of Bohemia]] (including Moravia). The epoch 1526–1620 was marked by increasing animosity between Catholic Habsburg kings (emperors) and the Protestant Moravian nobility (and other Crowns') estates. Moravia,<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/25/travel/in-the-czech-republic-moravia-and-its-castles.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 Evan Rail (23 September 2011). The Castles of Moravia. ''NYT'' 23.9.2011]</ref> like Bohemia, was a Habsburg possession until the end of [[World War I]]. In 1573 the [[Jesuit order|Jesuit]] [[University of Olomouc]] was established; this was the first university in Moravia. The establishment of a special papal seminary, Collegium Nordicum, made the University a centre of the Catholic Reformation and effort to revive Catholicism in Central and Northern Europe. The second largest group of students were from [[Scandinavia]].

Brno and Olomouc served as Moravia's capitals until 1641. As the only city to successfully resist the Swedish invasion, Brno become the sole capital following the capture of Olomouc. The Margraviate of Moravia had, from 1348 in Olomouc and Brno, its own [[Moravian Diet|Diet, or parliament]], ''zemský sněm'' (''Landtag'' in German), whose deputies from 1905 onward were elected separately from the ethnically separate German and Czech constituencies. The oldest surviving theatre building in Central Europe, the [[Reduta Theatre]], was established in 17th-century Moravia. 

From 1599 to 1711, Moravia was frequently [[Ottoman raids on Moravia|subjected to raids]] by the [[Ottoman Empire]] and its vassals (especially the [[Crimean Khanate|Tatars]] and [[Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)|Transylvania]]). Overall, hundreds of thousands were enslaved whilst tens of thousands were killed.<ref>{{cite journal|first=Petra |last=Košťálová|editor-first1=Mateusz|editor-last1=Chmurski|editor-first2=Irina|editor-last2=Dmytrychyn|year=2022 |title=Contested Landscape: Moravian Wallachia and Moravian Slovakia. An Imagology Study on the Ottoman Border Narrative|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27185958 |journal=[[Revue des études slaves]] |volume=93 |issue=1 |doi=10.4000/res.5138|issn=2117-718X|publisher=OpenEdition|page=110|jstor=27185958 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.ilcik.cz/dubnany/dejiny/od_1656.html Lánové rejstříky (1656–1711)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312041124/http://ilcik.cz/dubnany/dejiny/od_1656.html |date=12 March 2012 }} {{in lang|cs}}</ref> 

In 1740, Moravia was invaded by Prussian forces under [[Frederick the Great]], and Olomouc was forced to surrender on 27 December 1741. A few months later, the Prussians were repelled, mainly because of their unsuccessful siege of Brno in 1742. In 1758, Olomouc was [[Siege of Olomouc|besieged by Prussians]] again, but this time its defenders forced the Prussians to withdraw following the [[Battle of Domstadtl]]. In 1777, a new Moravian bishopric was established in Brno, and the Olomouc bishopric was elevated to an archbishopric.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10561a.htm|title=CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Moravia}}</ref> In 1782, the Margraviate of Moravia was merged with [[Austrian Silesia]] into ''Moravia-Silesia'', with Brno as its capital. Moravia became a separate crown land of Austria again in 1849,<ref>{{Cite book |title=Czechoslovakia: A Country Study |publisher=US Army |year=1898 |pages=27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Moravia {{!}} historical region, Europe {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Moravia |access-date=26 April 2022 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> and then became part of [[Cisleithania]]n Austria-Hungary after 1867. According to Austro-Hungarian census of 1910 the proportion of Czechs in the population of Moravia at the time (2,622,000) was 71.8%, while the proportion of Germans was 27.6%.<ref>Hans Chmelar: ''Höhepunkte der österreichischen Auswanderung. Die Auswanderung aus den im Reichsrat vertretenen Königreichen und Ländern in den Jahren 1905–1914.'' (= ''Studien zur Geschichte der österreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie.'' Band 14) Kommission für die Geschichte der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1974, {{ISBN|3-7001-0075-2}}, p.&nbsp;109.</ref>

<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">
Growth of Habsburg territories.jpg|[[Habsburg Monarchy|Habsburg Empire]] [[Crown land]]s: growth of the [[House of Habsburg|Habsburg]] territories and [[Habsburg Moravia|Moravia's status]]
Verwaltungsgliederung der Markgrafschaft Mähren 1893.svg|Administrative division of Moravia as crown land of Austria in 1893
</gallery>