Editing Montenegro (section)

=== Montenegro within FR Yugoslavia ===
{{Main|Serbia and Montenegro|Republic of Montenegro (1992–2006)}}

After the formal dissolution of the SFRY in 1992, Montenegro remained part of a smaller [[Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]] along with Serbia. In the [[Montenegrin independence referendum, 1992|referendum on remaining in Yugoslavia in 1992]], 96% of the votes cast were in favour of the federation with Serbia. The referendum was boycotted by opposition parties such as the [[Liberal Alliance of Montenegro]],<ref name=":1">Morrison (2009), p. 105</ref> the [[Social Democratic Party of Montenegro|Social Democratic]] and Socialist Parties,<ref>Morrison (2009), pp. 108–110</ref> as well as minority parties such as the [[Democratic League in Montenegro]],<ref>Morrison (2009), p. 126</ref> leading to a relatively low turnout of 66%.<ref name=":1" />
[[File:Former Yugoslavia durning war.svg|thumb|upright=1.4|left|Map of the [[Breakup of Yugoslavia|disintegration of Yugoslavia]] until 2008.]]

During the 1991–1995 [[Bosnian War]] and [[Croatian War]], Montenegrin police and military forces, under orders of president Momir Bulatovic<ref name="MD">{{cite news |author=Veseljko Koprivica |date=September 30, 2011 |title=''Zločini koji su se Đukanoviću isplatili'' |language=sr |agency=[[Monitor (magazine)|Monitor]] |url=http://www.monitor.co.me/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2922:zloini-koji-su-se-ukanoviu-isplatili&catid=2009:broj-1093&Itemid=3232 |access-date=February 11, 2019}}</ref> and Interior Minister [[Pavle Bulatovic]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pavlovic: The Siege of Dubrovnik |url=https://www.yorku.ca/soi/_Vol_5_1/_HTML/Pavlovic.html#fnB41 |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=www.yorku.ca}}</ref> joined Serbian troops in attacks on [[Dubrovnik]], Croatia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.croatiatraveller.com/southern_dalmatia/Dubrovnik/bombing.html|title=Bombing of Dubrovnik|publisher=Croatiatraveller.com|access-date=7 December 2012}}</ref> These operations, aimed at acquiring more territory, were characterised by large-scale violations of human rights.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/47/a47r121.htm|title=A/RES/47/121. The situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina|publisher=United Nations|access-date=7 December 2012}}</ref>

Montenegrin General [[Pavle Strugar]] was convicted for his part in the bombing of Dubrovnik.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yihr.org/uploads/newsletters/eng/28.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403105152/http://www.yihr.org/uploads/newsletters/eng/28.pdf|url-status=dead|title=YIHR.org|archive-date=3 April 2015}}</ref> Bosnian refugees were arrested by Montenegrin police and transported to Serb camps in [[Foča ethnic cleansing|Foča]], where they were subjected to systematic torture and executed.<ref>[http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/comexpert/ANX/VIII-03.htm#III.A.25 Annex VIII – part 3/10 Prison Camps]. ess.uwe.ac.uk {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020191517/http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/comexpert/ANX/VIII-03.htm#III.A.25|date=20 October 2013}}</ref>

In 1996, [[Milo Đukanović]]'s government severed ties between Montenegro and its partner Serbia, which was led by [[Slobodan Milošević]]. Montenegro formed its own [[economic policy]] and adopted the German [[Deutsche Mark]] as its currency and subsequently [[Montenegro and the euro|adopted the euro]], although not part of the [[Eurozone]]. Subsequent governments pursued pro-independence policies, and political tensions with Serbia simmered despite political changes in [[Belgrade]].

Targets in Montenegro were bombed by NATO forces during [[Operation Allied Force]] in 1999, although the extent of these attacks was limited in both time and area affected.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/331036.stm|title=Russia pushes peace plan|publisher=BBC|date=29 April 1999}}</ref>

In 2002, Serbia and Montenegro came to a new agreement for continued cooperation and entered into negotiations regarding the future status of the [[Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]]. This resulted in the Belgrade Agreement, which saw the country's transformation into a more decentralised state union named [[Serbia and Montenegro]] in 2003. The Belgrade Agreement also contained a provision delaying any future referendum on the independence of Montenegro for at least three years.{{citation needed|date=July 2024}}