Editing Monsanto (section)

==="Post-Pharmacia" Monsanto===
====2000 to 2009: Birth of the "new" Monsanto====
In 2000, Pharmacia spun off its agro-biotech subsidiary into a new company,<ref name=":0" /> the "new Monsanto",<ref>{{cite news |title=Monsanto Raises $700 Million in IPO |date=October 18, 2000 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-oct-18-fi-38228-story.html |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |agency=Bloomberg News}}</ref> focused on four key agricultural crops—soybeans, maize, wheat and cotton.<ref name="economist-new-monsanto">{{cite magazine |title=Genetically modified company |url=https://www.economist.com/business/2002/08/15/genetically-modified-company |access-date=September 26, 2018 |magazine=[[The Economist]] |date=August 15, 2002}}</ref> Monsanto agreed to indemnify Pharmacia against potential liabilities from judgments against [[Solutia]]. As a result, the new Monsanto continued to be a party to numerous lawsuits over the prior Monsanto. Pharmacia was bought by [[Pfizer]] in 2003.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/15/business/pfizer-said-to-buy-large-drug-rival-in-60-billion-deal.html|title=Pfizer Said to Buy Large Drug Rival in $60 Billion Deal |last=Sorkin |first=Andrew Ross |date=2002-07-15 |work=The New York Times |access-date=2017-12-22 |language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>Staff, CNN/Money. April 16, 2003 [https://money.cnn.com/2003/04/16/news/companies/pfizer_pharma/ It's official: Pfizer buys Pharmacia ]</ref>

In 2005, Monsanto acquired Emergent Genetics and its Stoneville and NexGen cotton brands. Emergent was the third-largest U.S. cotton seed company, with about 12% of the U.S. market. Monsanto's goal was to obtain "a strategic cotton germplasm and traits platform".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.seedtoday.com/articles/monsanto_to_acquire_emergent_genetics__stoneville_and_nexgen_cotton_brands-25250.html |title=Monsanto to Acquire Emergent Genetics, Stoneville and NexGen Cotton Brands |publisher=Seed Today |date=February 17, 2005  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015161004/http://www.seedtoday.com/articles/monsanto_to_acquire_emergent_genetics__stoneville_and_nexgen_cotton_brands-25250.html |archive-date=October 15, 2013}}</ref>

Also in 2005, Monsanto purchased [[Seminis]], the California-based world leader in vegetable seed production, for $1.4 billion.<ref name=wsj0612>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304458604577490600217020934|title=Monsanto Digs Into Seeds|publisher=The Wall Street|author=Ian Berry Journal|date=2012-06-26}}</ref> Seminis developed new vegetable varieties using advanced cross-pollination methods. Monsanto indicated that Seminis would continue with non-GM development, while not ruling out GM in the longer term.<ref name="economist-seminis">{{cite magazine |title=Lord of the seeds |url=https://www.economist.com/business/2005/01/27/lord-of-the-seeds |access-date=September 26, 2018 |magazine=The Economist |date=January 27, 2005}}</ref>

In June 2007, Monsanto purchased [[Delta & Pine Land Company of Mississippi|Delta and Pine Land Company]], a major cotton seed breeder, for $1.5 billion.<ref>{{cite web | title = Monsanto Company Completes Acquisition of Delta and Pine Land Company, Seeks Approval of Related Divestitures | date = June 1, 2007 | url = http://news.thomasnet.com/companystory/524921}}</ref> As a condition for approval from the [[U.S. Department of Justice|Department of Justice]], Monsanto was obligated to divest its Stoneville cotton business, which it sold to [[Bayer]], and to divest its NexGen cotton business, which it sold to [[Americot]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hpj.com/archives/2007/jun07/jun11/Monsantoreachesagreementwit.cfm |title=Monsanto reaches agreement with Department of Justice to acqui |publisher=Hpj.com |date=June 7, 2007 |access-date=August 14, 2012 |archive-date=October 15, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015100816/http://www.hpj.com/archives/2007/jun07/jun11/Monsantoreachesagreementwit.cfm  }}</ref> Monsanto also exited the pig-breeding business by selling Monsanto Choice Genetics to [[Newsham Genetics]] LC in November, divesting itself of "any and all swine-related patents, patent applications, and all other intellectual property".<ref name=r1>{{cite book|last=Twine|first=Richard|title=Animals As Biotechnology: Ethics, Sustainability and Critical Animal Studies |url={{Google books |plainurl=y |id=C6osZJLbJ3cC|page=108}} |publisher=Earthscan |year=2010 |pages=108– |isbn=978-1-84977-635-6}}</ref>{{rp|108}} In 2007, Monsanto and [[BASF]] announced a long-term agreement to cooperate in the research, development, and marketing of new plant biotechnology products.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.corporate.basf.com/de/investor/veranstaltungen/termine/070321_interview.htm?id=V00-Eq3z_CNjlbcp.*0 |title=BASF-Gruppe: Interview Dr. Jürgen Hambrecht zur Zusammenarbeit mit Monsanto |publisher=Corporate.basf.com |date=March 21, 2007 |access-date=June 2, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121124043448/http://www.corporate.basf.com/de/investor/veranstaltungen/termine/070321_interview.htm?id=V00-Eq3z_CNjlbcp.*0 |archive-date=November 24, 2012 }}</ref>

In 2008, Monsanto purchased Dutch seed company [[De Ruiter]] Seeds for €546 million,<ref>{{cite news |title=De Ruiter Seeds Acquisition |date=March 31, 2008 |url=http://in.reuters.com/article/deruiter-monsanto-idINWNAS636420080331 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306172450/http://in.reuters.com/article/deruiter-monsanto-idINWNAS636420080331 |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 6, 2016 |publisher=Reuters}}</ref> and sold its POSILAC bovine somatotropin brand and related business to [[Elanco]] Animal Health, a division of [[Eli Lilly & Co]], in August for $300 million plus "additional contingent consideration".<ref>{{cite web |title=Eli Lilly and Company to Acquire Monsanto's POSILAC Brand Dairy Product and Related Business |date=August 20, 2008 |url=http://monsanto.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=629  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100603213428/http://monsanto.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=629 |archive-date=June 3, 2010 }}</ref>

====2010 to 2017: Further growth, Syngenta====
In 2012, Monsanto purchased for $210 million [[Precision Planting Inc.]], a company that produced computer hardware and software designed to enable farmers to increase yield and productivity through more precise planting.<ref>Berry, Ian (May 23, 2012) [https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304707604577422162132896528 Monsanto to Buy Planting Technology Company] ''The Wall Street Journal'', Retrieved July 16, 2014</ref>

Monsanto purchased San Francisco–based [[The Climate Corporation|Climate Corp]] for $930 million in 2013.<ref name=gillam2013>{{cite news |title=Monsanto posts deeper fourth-quarter loss, unveils acquisition |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-monsanto-results-idUSBRE9910J520131002 <!--Internet Archive holds versions--> |publisher=Reuters |date=October 2, 2013 |author=Gillam, Carey |access-date=July 1, 2017 |archive-date=September 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924185532/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/10/02/us-monsanto-results-idUSBRE9910J520131002 |url-status=live }}</ref> Climate Corp makes local weather forecasts for farmers based on data modelling and historical data; if the forecasts were wrong, the farmer was compensated.<ref name = BloombergVance>Vance, Ashlee (October 2, 2013) [https://web.archive.org/web/20131004035010/http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-10-02/monsanto-buys-climate-corporation-for-930-million-bringing-big-data-to-the-farm Monsanto's Billion-Dollar Bet Brings Big Data to the Farm] Bloomberg Business Week, Technology, Retrieved July 16, 2014</ref>

In May 2013, a worldwide protest against Monsanto corporation, called [[March Against Monsanto]], was held in over 400 cities.<ref>Associated Press. May 25, 2013, [https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/05/25/march-against-monsanto-gmo-protest_n_3336627.html?ncid=txtlnkushpmg00000029&ir=Business Protesters Rally Against U.S. Seed Giant And GMO Products]. ''[[The Huffington Post]]''. Retrieved May 25, 2013.</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/28/science/a-race-to-save-the-orange-by-altering-its-dna.html?pagewanted=all |title=A Race to Save the Orange by Altering Its DNA |last=Harmon |first=Amy |date=2013-07-27 |work=The New York Times |access-date=2017-12-22 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> A second protest took place in May 2014.

Monsanto tried to acquire Swiss agro-biotechnology rival [[Syngenta]] for US$46.5 billion in 2015, but failed.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/antoinegara/2015/08/26/monsanto-drops-46-5-billion-offer-for-syngenta-stock-buyback-double-earnings-market-rout/#1b56f8803894|title=Monsanto Drops $46.5B Bid For Syngenta, Paving Way For Stock Buyback Amid Market Rout|last=Gara|first=Antoine|website=Forbes|access-date=May 23, 2016}}</ref> In that year Monsanto was the world's biggest supplier of seeds, controlling 26% of the global seed market (Du Pont was second with 21%).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fwi.co.uk/arable/dow-dupont-merger-could-create-global-farm-supply-giant.htm |title=Dow-DuPont merger could create global farm supply giant |last=Jones |first=David |date=2015-12-10 |website=Farmers Weekly |language=en-GB |access-date=2016-09-07}}</ref> Monsanto was the only manufacturer of [[white phosphorus]] for military use in the US.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fbo.gov/utils/view?id=aa766891fe32cf9ae7f87f3c7d3611a3|title=Department of the Army Justification and Approval for Other Than Full and Open Competition |website= www.fbo.gov |language=en-US |date= January 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220080213/https://www.fbo.gov/utils/view?id=aa766891fe32cf9ae7f87f3c7d3611a3|archive-date=2016-12-20}}</ref>

===="Post-Pharmacia" Monsanto overview====

{| class="collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%; border:solid 1px #aaa"
|-
! style="background:#F0F2F5" | Chart of Monsanto's mergers, acquisitions, [[Corporate spin-off|spin-offs]] and historical predecessors:
|-
|
{{cladeR | style=font-size:90%;line-height:110% |thickness=0
|label1='''Monsanto Inc.'''<!-- LEVEL 1-->
|1={{cladeR
   |1={{clade sequential |inverse=yes |reverse=yes
               |1=Monsanto<br/><small>(Spun off from [[Pharmacia & Upjohn]] 2000)</small>
               |2=Emergent Genetics<br /><small>(Acq 2005)</small>
               |3=[[Seminis]]<br /><small>(Acq 2005)</small>
               |4=Icoria, Inc.<br /><small>(Selected assets, Acq 2005)</small>
               |5=[[Delta & Pine Land Company of Mississippi|Delta & Pine Land Company]]<br /><small>(Acq 2007)</small>
               |6=Monsanto's Asia subsidiaries<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.monsanto.com/press-release/devgen-acquire-rice-sunflower-sorghum-and-pearl-millet-businesses-india-and-other-asia|title=Devgen to Acquire Rice, Sunflower, Sorghum and Pearl Millet Businesses in India and Other Asian Countries From Monsanto|work=monsanto.com|access-date=July 20, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304043048/http://news.monsanto.com/press-release/devgen-acquire-rice-sunflower-sorghum-and-pearl-millet-businesses-india-and-other-asia|archive-date=March 4, 2016}}</ref><br /><small>(Sold to Devgen, 2007)</small>
               |7=Monsanto Choice Genetics<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.monsanto.com/press-release/newsham-genetics-acquiring-monsanto-choice-genetics|title=Newsham Genetics Acquiring Monsanto Choice Genetics|work=monsanto.com|access-date=July 20, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160521211934/http://news.monsanto.com/press-release/newsham-genetics-acquiring-monsanto-choice-genetics|archive-date=May 21, 2016}}</ref><br /><small>(Sold to Newsham Genetics, 2007)</small>
               |8=De Ruiter Seeds<br /><small>(Acq 2008)</small>
               |9=Agroeste Sementes<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.monsanto.com/press-release/monsanto-company-acquires-agroeste-sementes-brazilian-corn-seed-company|title=Monsanto Company Acquires Agroeste Sementes, a Brazilian Corn Seed Company|work=monsanto.com|access-date=July 20, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304101508/http://news.monsanto.com/press-release/monsanto-company-acquires-agroeste-sementes-brazilian-corn-seed-company|archive-date=March 4, 2016}}</ref><br /><small>(Acq 2008)</small>
               |10=Monsanto's Dairy Product Business<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.monsanto.com/press-release/eli-lilly-and-company-acquire-monsantos-posilac-brand-dairy-product-and-related-busine|title=Eli Lilly and Company to Acquire Monsanto's POSILAC Brand Dairy Product and Related Business|work=monsanto.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701071236/http://news.monsanto.com/press-release/eli-lilly-and-company-acquire-monsantos-posilac-brand-dairy-product-and-related-busine|archive-date=July 1, 2017}}</ref><br /><small>(Sold to [[Eli Lilly & Co]], 2008)</small>
               |11={{clade sequential |reverse=yes
                   |1=Aly Participacoes Ltda<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.monsanto.com/press-release/monsanto-company-invest-technologies-sugarcane-acquisitions-canavialis-and-alellyx|title=Monsanto Company to Invest in Technologies for Sugarcane With Acquisitions of CanaVialis and Alellyx|work=monsanto.com|access-date=July 20, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304105524/http://news.monsanto.com/press-release/monsanto-company-invest-technologies-sugarcane-acquisitions-canavialis-and-alellyx|archive-date=March 4, 2016}}</ref><br /><small>(Acq 2008)</small>
                   |2=CanaVialis S.A.
                   |3=Alellyx S.A.
                   }}
               |12=Monsanto's Global Sunflower Assets<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.monsanto.com/press-release/syngenta-acquire-monsantos-global-sunflower-assets|title=Syngenta to Acquire Monsanto's Global Sunflower Assets|work=monsanto.com|access-date=July 20, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304103914/http://news.monsanto.com/press-release/syngenta-acquire-monsantos-global-sunflower-assets|archive-date=March 4, 2016}}</ref><br /><small>(Sold to [[Syngenta]], 2009)</small>
               |13=Divergence, Inc.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.monsanto.com/press-release/monsanto-acquires-agricultural-technology-leader-divergence-inc|title=Monsanto Acquires Agricultural Technology Leader Divergence, Inc.|work=monsanto.com|access-date=July 20, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151027014432/http://news.monsanto.com/press-release/monsanto-acquires-agricultural-technology-leader-divergence-inc|archive-date=October 27, 2015}}</ref><br /><small>(Acq 2011)</small>
               |14=Beeologics<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.monsanto.com/press-release/monsanto-acquires-targeted-pest-control-technology-start|title=Monsanto Acquires Targeted-Pest Control Technology Start-Up|work=monsanto.com|access-date=July 20, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304070435/http://news.monsanto.com/press-release/monsanto-acquires-targeted-pest-control-technology-start|archive-date=March 4, 2016}}</ref><br /><small>(Acq 2011)</small>
               |15=Precision Planting Inc.<br /><small>(Acq 2012)</small>
               |16={{cladeR
                   |1=[[The Climate Corporation|Climate Corp]]<br /><small>(Acq 2013)</small>
                   |2=640 Labs<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.monsanto.com/press-release/climate/climate-corporation-acquires-640-labs-team-bolster-industry-leading-data-scien|title=The Climate Corporation Acquires 640 Labs, Team to Bolster Industry-Leading Data Science Capabilities|work=monsanto.com|access-date=July 20, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304130313/http://news.monsanto.com/press-release/climate/climate-corporation-acquires-640-labs-team-bolster-industry-leading-data-scien|archive-date=March 4, 2016}}</ref><br /><small>(Acq 2014)</small>
                   }}
               |17=Agradis, Inc.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.monsanto.com/press-release/corporate/monsanto-acquires-select-assets-agradis-inc-support-work-agricultural-biolog|title=Monsanto Acquires Select Assets of Agradis, Inc. to Support Work in Agricultural Biologicals|work=monsanto.com|access-date=July 20, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161016115328/http://news.monsanto.com/press-release/corporate/monsanto-acquires-select-assets-agradis-inc-support-work-agricultural-biolog|archive-date=October 16, 2016}}</ref><br /><small>(Select assets, Acq 2013)</small>
               |18=Rosetta Green Ltd<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.monsanto.com/press-release/corporate/monsanto-acquires-plant-trait-developer-rosetta-green|title=Monsanto Acquires Plant Trait Developer Rosetta Green|work=monsanto.com|access-date=July 20, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304072243/http://news.monsanto.com/press-release/corporate/monsanto-acquires-plant-trait-developer-rosetta-green|archive-date=March 4, 2016}}</ref><br /><small>(Acq 2013)</small>
      }}

   |label2=American Seeds, Inc.
   |2={{clade sequential |inverse=yes |reverse=yes
               |10=Diener Seeds<ref name="monsanto.com">{{cite web|url=http://news.monsanto.com/press-release/monsantos-american-seeds-inc-announces-five-acquisitions-support-locally-oriented-busi|title=Monsanto's American Seeds, Inc. Announces Five Acquisitions to Support Locally-Oriented Business Model|work=monsanto.com|access-date=July 20, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904005219/http://news.monsanto.com/press-release/monsantos-american-seeds-inc-announces-five-acquisitions-support-locally-oriented-busi|archive-date=September 4, 2015}}</ref><br /><small>(Seed marketing and sales businesses, Acq 2006)</small>
               |9=Sieben Hybrids<ref name="monsanto.com"/><br /><small>(Acq 2006)</small>
               |8=Kruger Seed Company<ref name="monsanto.com"/><br /><small>(Acq 2006)</small>
               |7=Trisler Seed Farms<ref name="monsanto.com"/><br /><small>(Acq 2006)</small>
               |6=Campbell Seed<br /><small>(Seed marketing and sales business, Acq 2006)</small>
               |5=Gold Country Seed, Inc.<ref name="monsanto.com1">{{cite web|url=http://news.monsanto.com/press-release/monsantos-american-seeds-inc-announces-two-strategic-acquisitions-support-locally-orie|title=Monsanto's American Seeds, Inc. Announces Two Strategic Acquisitions to Support Locally-Oriented Business Model|work=monsanto.com|access-date=July 20, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304101519/http://news.monsanto.com/press-release/monsantos-american-seeds-inc-announces-two-strategic-acquisitions-support-locally-orie|archive-date=March 4, 2016}}</ref><br /><small>(Acq 2006)</small>
               |4=Heritage Seeds<ref name="monsanto.com1"/><br /><small>(Acq 2006)</small>
               |3=NC+ Hybrids, Inc.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.monsanto.com/press-release/monsanto-adds-nc-hybrids-american-seeds-inc-bolstering-regional-seed-company-approach-|title=Monsanto Adds NC+ Hybrids to American Seeds, Inc., Bolstering Regional Seed Company Approach to Serve Farmers|work=monsanto.com|access-date=July 20, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104304/http://news.monsanto.com/press-release/monsanto-adds-nc-hybrids-american-seeds-inc-bolstering-regional-seed-company-approach-|archive-date=March 4, 2016}}</ref><br /><small>(Acq 2005)</small>
               |2=Specialty Hybrids<ref name="monsanto.com2">{{cite web|url=http://news.monsanto.com/press-release/new-additions-american-seeds-inc-accelerate-growth-monsantos-regional-seed-company-app|title=New Additions to American Seeds, Inc. Accelerate Growth in Monsanto's Regional Seed Company Approach|work=monsanto.com|access-date=July 20, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170121153712/http://news.monsanto.com/press-release/new-additions-american-seeds-inc-accelerate-growth-monsantos-regional-seed-company-app|archive-date=January 21, 2017}}</ref><br /><small>(Acq 2005)</small>
               |1={{cladeR
                  |5=Fontanelle Hybrids<ref name="monsanto.com2"/><br /><small>(Acq 2005)</small>
                  |4=Stewart Seeds<ref name="monsanto.com2"/><br /><small>(Acq 2005)</small>
                  |3=Trelay Seeds<ref name="monsanto.com2"/><br /><small>(Acq 2005)</small>
                  |2=Stone Seeds<ref name="monsanto.com2"/><br /><small>(Acq 2005)</small>
                  |1=Channel Bio Corp<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.monsanto.com/press-release/monsanto-forms-american-seeds-inc-investment-vehicle-regional-seed-companies|title=Monsanto Forms American Seeds, Inc., an Investment Vehicle for Regional Seed Companies|work=monsanto.com|access-date=July 20, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304105817/http://news.monsanto.com/press-release/monsanto-forms-american-seeds-inc-investment-vehicle-regional-seed-companies|archive-date=March 4, 2016}}</ref><br /><small>(Acq 2004)</small>
                  }}
      }}

   |label3=International Seed Group, Inc.
   |3={{cladeR
               |1=Poloni Semences<ref name="monsanto.com3">{{cite web|url=http://news.monsanto.com/press-release/monsanto-forms-holding-company-invest-international-fruit-and-vegetable-seed-companies|title=Monsanto Forms Holding Company to Invest in International Fruit and Vegetable Seed Companies|work=monsanto.com|access-date=July 20, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304105827/http://news.monsanto.com/press-release/monsanto-forms-holding-company-invest-international-fruit-and-vegetable-seed-companies|archive-date=March 4, 2016}}</ref><br /><small>(Acq 2007)</small>

               |2=Charentais melon breeding company<ref name="monsanto.com3"/><br /><small>(Acq 2007)</small>
      }}
   }}
}}
|}