Editing Monoamine oxidase inhibitor (section)

==History==
The knowledge of MAOIs began with the serendipitous discovery that [[iproniazid]] was a potent MAO inhibitor (MAOI).<ref name=MAOIstoSSRIs>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ramachandraih CT, Subramanyam N, Bar KJ, Baker G, Yeragani VK | title = Antidepressants: From MAOIs to SSRIs and more | journal = Indian Journal of Psychiatry | volume = 53 | issue = 2 | pages = 180–2 | date = April 2011 | pmid = 21772661 | pmc = 3136031 | doi = 10.4103/0019-5545.82567 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Originally intended for the treatment of tuberculosis, in 1952, iproniazid's antidepressant properties were discovered when researchers noted that the depressed patients given iproniazid experienced a relief of their depression. Subsequent in vitro work led to the discovery that it inhibited MAO and eventually to the [[Biology of depression|monoamine theory of depression]].  MAOIs became widely used as antidepressants in the early 1950s. The discovery of the 2 isoenzymes of MAO has led to the development of selective MAOIs that may have a more favorable side-effect profile.<ref name=CNSDrugs2013>{{cite journal | vauthors = Shulman KI, Herrmann N, Walker SE | title = Current place of monoamine oxidase inhibitors in the treatment of depression | journal = CNS Drugs | volume = 27 | issue = 10 | pages = 789–97 | date = October 2013 | pmid = 23934742 | doi = 10.1007/s40263-013-0097-3 | s2cid = 21625538 }}</ref>

The older MAOIs' heyday was mostly between the years 1957 and 1970.<ref name="pmid9432289"/> The initial popularity of the 'classic' non-selective irreversible MAO inhibitors began to wane due to their serious interactions with [[sympathomimetic]] drugs and [[tyramine]]-containing foods that could lead to dangerous hypertensive emergencies. As a result, the use by medical practitioners of these older MAOIs declined. When scientists discovered that there are two different MAO enzymes (MAO-A and MAO-B), they developed selective compounds for MAO-B, (for example, [[selegiline]], which is used for Parkinson's disease), to reduce the side-effects and serious interactions. Further improvement occurred with the development of compounds ([[moclobemide]] and [[toloxatone]]) that not only are selective but cause reversible MAO-A inhibition and a reduction in dietary and drug interactions.<ref name="pmid8713690">{{cite journal | vauthors = Livingston MG, Livingston HM | title = Monoamine oxidase inhibitors. An update on drug interactions | journal = Drug Safety | volume = 14 | issue = 4 | pages = 219–27 | date = April 1996 | pmid = 8713690 | doi = 10.2165/00002018-199614040-00002 | s2cid = 46742172 }}</ref><ref name="pmid7905288">{{cite journal | vauthors = Nair NP, Ahmed SK, Kin NM | title = Biochemistry and pharmacology of reversible inhibitors of MAO-A agents: focus on moclobemide | journal = Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience | volume = 18 | issue = 5 | pages = 214–25 | date = November 1993 | pmid = 7905288 | pmc = 1188542 }}</ref> [[Moclobemide]], was the first reversible inhibitor of MAO-A to enter widespread clinical practice.<ref name="pmid8490690">{{cite journal | vauthors = Baldwin D, Rudge S | title = Moclobemide: a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type A | journal = British Journal of Hospital Medicine | volume = 49 | issue = 7 | pages = 497–9 | year = 1993 | pmid = 8490690 }}</ref>

A transdermal patch form of the MAOI [[selegiline]], called [[Emsam]], was approved for use in depression by the [[Food and Drug Administration]] in the [[United States]] on 28 February 2006.<ref name="Emsam">{{cite press release | title = FDA Approves Emsam (Selegiline) as First Drug Patch for Depression. | publisher = U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] | date = 28 February 2006 | url = https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/2006/ucm108607.htm | access-date = 19 November 2009 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091121040056/https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/2006/ucm108607.htm | archive-date = 21 November 2009 | df = dmy-all }}</ref>