Editing Mole (unit) (section)

== Criticism ==
Since its adoption into the [[International System of Units]] in 1971, numerous criticisms of the concept of the mole as a unit like the [[metre]] or the [[second]] have arisen:
* the number of molecules, etc. in a given amount of material is a fixed [[dimensionless quantity]] that can be expressed simply as a number, not requiring a distinct base unit;<ref name="IUPAChist" /><ref name="Giunta 2015">{{cite journal | url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed2001957 | doi=10.1021/ed2001957 | title=The Atomic Mass Unit, the Avogadro Constant, and the Mole: A Way to Understanding | year=2012 | last1=Barański | first1=Andrzej | journal=Journal of Chemical Education | volume=89 | issue=1 | pages=97–102 | bibcode=2012JChEd..89...97B }}</ref>
* The SI thermodynamic mole is irrelevant to analytical chemistry and could cause avoidable costs to advanced economies<ref>{{cite journal |last=Price |first=Gary |year=2010 |title=Failures of the global measurement system. Part 1: the case of chemistry |journal=Accreditation and Quality Assurance |volume=15 |issue=7 |pages=421–427 |doi=10.1007/s00769-010-0655-z|s2cid=95388009 }}</ref>
* The mole is not a true metric (i.e. measuring) unit, rather it is a ''parametric'' unit, and amount of substance is a ''parametric'' base quantity<ref>{{cite journal
| url = http://stacks.iop.org/0026-1394/47/i=3/a=012
| title = Metrological thinking needs the notions of ''parametric'' quantities, units, and dimensions
| year = 2010
| journal = Metrologia
| volume = 47
| issue = 3
| pages = 219–230
| first = Ingvar
| last = Johansson
| bibcode = 2010Metro..47..219J
| doi = 10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012 | s2cid = 122242959
}}</ref>
* the SI defines numbers of entities as quantities of dimension one, and thus ignores the ontological distinction between ''entities'' and ''units of continuous quantities''<ref>{{cite journal
| doi = 10.1007/s11229-010-9832-1
| title = The ontological distinction between units and entities
| year = 2010
| journal = Synthese
| volume = 187
| issue = 2
| pages = 393–401
| first = G.
| last = Cooper
| author2 = Humphry, S.| s2cid = 46532636
}}</ref>
* the mole is often used interchangeably and inconsistently to refer to both a unit and a quantity without appropriate use of amount of substance potentially causing confusion for novice chemistry students.<ref>{{cite journal
| doi = 10.1021/acs.jchemed.2c00199
| title = Inconsistent language use in online resources explaining the mole has implications for students' understanding
| year = 2022
| journal = Journal of Chemical Education
| volume = 99
| issue = 7
| pages = 2446–2450
| first = S. W.
| last = Rees
| author2 = Bruce, M.
}}</ref>