Editing Minnesota (section)

== Demographics ==
{{Main|Demographics of Minnesota}}

=== Overview ===
[[File:Minnesota 2020 Population Density.png|thumb|A map of Minnesota's population density, 2020]]
{{US Census population
|1850= 6077
|1860= 172023
|1870= 439706
|1880= 780773
|1890= 1310283
|1900= 1751394
|1910= 2075708
|1920= 2387125
|1930= 2563953
|1940= 2792300
|1950= 2982483
|1960= 3413864
|1970= 3804971
|1980= 4075970
|1990= 4375099
|2000= 4919479
|2010= 5303925
|2020= 5706494
|estimate= 5793151
|estyear= 2024
|align-fn=center
|footnote=Source: 1910–2020<ref>{{cite web |title=Historical Population Change Data (1910–2020) |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/dec/popchange-data-text.html |website=Census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=May 1, 2021 |archive-date=April 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429012609/https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/dec/popchange-data-text.html }}</ref><br />2022 Estimate<ref name="2024 Estimate" />
}}
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]] and the Minnesota State Demographic Center, Minnesota had a population of about 5.7 million in 2020, making it the 22nd-most populous U.S. state.<ref name="PopEstUS">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/MN,US/PST045222|title=QuickFacts Minnesota; UNITED STATES|website=2022 Population Estimates|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]], Population Division|date=January 1, 2023|access-date=January 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212011526/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/MN,US/PST045222|archive-date=February 12, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Its fertility rate in 2021 was slightly below the replacement rate at 1.75, but the state has seen growth over the past century through more births than deaths, and significant immigration.<ref name="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2018 y464">{{cite web | title=Stats of the State of Minnesota | website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | date=April 5, 2018 | url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/states/minnesota/minnesota.htm | access-date=July 11, 2023 | archive-date=July 11, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711002517/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/states/minnesota/minnesota.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> A destination for European immigrants in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, primarily from [[Scandinavia]], [[Germany]], and [[Ireland]], it now attracts people from [[Latin America]], primarily [[Mexico]]; [[East Africa]], particularly [[Somalis]] and [[Ethiopians]]; and [[South Asia|South]] and [[Southeast Asia]], especially [[Hmong people|Hmong]], [[Vietnamese people|Vietnamese]], and [[Indian people|Indians]].<ref name="Immigration Language MN">{{cite web | title=Immigration & Language | website=Minnesota State Demographic Center | url=https://mn.gov/admin/demography/data-by-topic/immigration-language/ | access-date=June 27, 2023 | archive-date=June 9, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609162359/https://mn.gov/admin/demography/data-by-topic/immigration-language/ | url-status=live }}</ref> The state has a diverse population in terms of age, birthplace, ancestry, and socioeconomic status, with a well-educated populace and a median household income around $77,000.<ref name="Census Bureau QuickFacts 2022 f936">{{cite web | title=U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Minnesota | website=Census Bureau QuickFacts | date=July 1, 2022 | url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/MN/INC110221 | access-date=July 11, 2023 | archive-date=January 27, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127014543/http://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/MN/INC110221 | url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Race and ethnicity ===
Minnesota's racial demographics have significantly diversified since its early settlement period. As of 2020, according to U.S. census data, the white population had fallen to 77.5% from over 98% in the early to mid-20th century.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html |title=Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=August 12, 2021 |website=census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=September 26, 2021 |archive-date=August 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815165418/https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Concurrently, other racial populations have markedly increased. The Black population has risen to 7%, the Asian population to 5.3%, and those identifying as two or more races to 6.1%.

{|class="wikitable sortable collapsible nowrap" style="font-size: 90%; text-align: left; display:inline-table;"
|+ Racial composition in 2020<ref name="Census 2020">{{cite web | title=MINNESOTA: 2020 Census | website=U.S. Census Bureau | date=May 12, 2022 | url=https://www.census.gov/library/stories/state-by-state/minnesota-population-change-between-census-decade.html | access-date=September 25, 2022 | archive-date=June 9, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609103749/https://www.census.gov/library/stories/state-by-state/minnesota-population-change-between-census-decade.html | url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! Race !! Percentage
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | [[White Americans|White]] || 77.5%
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | [[African American|Black or African American]] || 7.0%
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indian]] || 1.2%
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | [[Asian American|Asian]] || 5.3%
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | [[Pacific Islander American|Pacific Islander]] || 0.1%
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | [[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census|Other race]] || 3.2%
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | [[Multiracial American|Two or more races]] || 6.1%
|}

In the 2017 [[American Community Survey]], 5.1% of Minnesota's population were of [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] origin (of any race): [[Mexican American|Mexican]] (3.5%), [[Puerto Ricans|Puerto Rican]] (0.2%), [[Cuban American|Cuban]] (0.1%), and other Hispanic or Latino origin (1.2%).<ref name="ACS2016DEMO">{{cite web |title=2016 American Community Survey – Demographic and Housing Estimates |url=https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/16_5YR/DP05/0400000US27 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=November 21, 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213005744/https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/16_5YR/DP05/0400000US27 |archive-date=February 13, 2020 }}</ref> The ancestry groups claimed by more than 5% of the population were [[German Americans|German]] (33.8%), [[Norwegian American|Norwegian]] (15.3%), [[Irish American|Irish]] (10.5%), [[Swedish American|Swedish]] (8.1%), and [[English American|English]] (5.4%).<ref>{{cite web |title=2016 American Community Survey – Selected Social Characteristics |url=https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/16_5YR/DP02/0400000US27 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=November 21, 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213005732/https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/16_5YR/DP02/0400000US27 |archive-date=February 13, 2020 }}</ref> Minnesota has the country's largest [[Somalis|Somali]] population, and the largest Hmong population per capita.<ref name="Imgpnanss">[http://www.immigrationpolicy.org/sites/default/files/docs/New_Americans_in_the_North_Star_State_2009.pdf New Americans in the North Star State] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131226202334/http://immigrationpolicy.org/sites/default/files/docs/New_Americans_in_the_North_Star_State_2009.pdf |date=December 26, 2013 }}</ref> Minnesota also has the largest [[Norwegian Americans|Norwegian American]] and [[Swedish Americans|Swedish American]] populations.

=== Immigration ===
Since the 1960s, Minnesota's immigrant population has been shaped by its status as a major area for refugee resettlement. As of 2018, Minnesota had the largest refugee population per capita of any state, with 2% of the country's population but 13% of its refugees.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Press |first=Bob Shaw {{!}} Pioneer |date=2018-01-13 |title=Minnesota has the most refugees per capita in the U.S. Will that continue? |url=https://www.twincities.com/2018/01/13/the-not-so-welcome-mat-minnesota-winces-at-refugee-cutbacks/ |access-date=2024-01-24 |website=Twin Cities |language=en-US}}</ref> The largest groups of refugees over the past decades have been Hmongs, Somalis, Ethiopians, and Vietnamese; other major refugee groups that have recently been settling in Minnesota include Burmese, Liberians, Ecuadorians, Congolese, Russians, and Ukrainians.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Decker |first=Julia |date=2023-12-15 |title=Asylum saves lives. It is under attack. |url=https://minnesotareformer.com/2023/12/15/asylum-saves-lives-it-is-under-attack/ |access-date=2024-01-24 |newspaper=Minnesota Reformer |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-07-25 |title=About Refugees |url=https://www.mnchurches.org/what-we-do/refugee-services/about-refugees |access-date=2024-01-24 |website=Minnesota Council of Churches}}</ref> Minnesota also receives large numbers of non-refugee immigrants, primarily from Mexico, India, China, Korea, and Canada.

{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Country of origin of first and second-generation immigrants (2023)'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Biggest sources of immigrants to Minnesota |url=https://stacker.com/minnesota/biggest-sources-immigrants-minnesota |access-date=2024-01-24 |website=Stacker |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=By immigrant group {{!}} MN Compass |url=https://www.mncompass.org/topics/demographics/immigration |access-date=2024-01-24 |website=www.mncompass.org |language=en}}</ref>
!Country
!Population
|-
|{{Flag|Mexico}}
|95,227
|-
|{{Flag|Somalia}}
|76,658
|-
|''[[Hmong people]]''{{Efn|Hmong people are a stateless group; the majority of Hmong in Minnesota have immigrated from either Laos or Thailand.}}
|55,005
|-
|{{Flag|India}}
|39,559
|-
|{{Flag|Ethiopia}}
|36,982
|-
|{{Flag|Laos}}
|24,901
|-
|{{Flag|China}}
|24,353
|-
|{{Flag|Vietnam}}
|22,283
|-
|{{Flag|Liberia}}
|20,168
|-
|{{Flag|South Korea}}
|20,126
|-
|{{Flag|Thailand}}
|19,235
|-
|{{Flag|Canada}}
|18,804
|-
|{{Flag|Kenya}}
|16,823
|-
|{{Flag|Myanmar}}
|15,679
|-
|{{Flag|Philippines}}
|13,544
|-
|{{Flag|Russia}}
|12,787
|-
|{{Flag|El Salvador}}
|12,137
|-
|{{Flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Nigeria]]
|9,508
|-
|{{Flagicon|Guatemala}} [[Guatemala]]
|7,727
|-
|{{Flag|Ecuador}}
|6,298
|}

=== Religion ===
{{Main|Religion in Minnesota}}
[[File:St Paul Cathedral 2012.jpg|thumb|right|150px|The [[French Renaissance architecture|French Renaissance]] style [[Cathedral of Saint Paul, National Shrine of the Apostle Paul|Cathedral of St. Paul]] in the city of St. Paul]]

Minnesota's religious landscape is also diverse, having evolved significantly over its history. The area's first Christian influence came from Catholic missionaries in the 17th and 18th centuries. 19th-century European settlers, especially Scandinavians, established Protestant denominations, particularly [[Lutheranism]]. [[Catholicism]] also continued to be significant due to Irish immigrants, and the [[Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis]] serves a substantial Catholic community. The 20th and 21st centuries witnessed growth in other Christian denominations and non-Christian religions due to further immigration, leading to the establishment of [[Buddhism|Buddhist]], [[Miao folk religion|Hmong folk religion]], [[Islam|Muslim]], and [[Hinduism|Hindu]] communities, as well as a sizable [[Judaism|Jewish]] community.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.salatomatic.com/c/Minneapolis-St-Paul+42|title=Mosques and Islamic schools in Minneapolis–St. Paul, Minnesota – salatomatic.com: your guide to mosques & Islamic schools|access-date=October 28, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528005623/http://www.salatomatic.com/c/Minneapolis-St-Paul+42|archive-date=May 28, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated2">{{cite book| last =Gilman| first =Rhonda R.| title =The Story of Minnesota's Past| publisher =Minnesota Historical Society Press| year =1989| location =Saint Paul, Minnesota| page =99| isbn =978-0-87351-267-1}}</ref> A growing number of people identify as [[Irreligion|non-religious]], in line with national trends. As of 2014, 74% of Minnesotans identified as Christian, 5% belonged to non-Christian faiths, and 20% identified as religiously unaffiliated, according to the Pew Research Center.<ref>{{cite web | title = Religious Composition of Minnesota | website = Maps, U.S. Religious Landscape Survey | publisher = [[Pew Research Center]] | year = 2010 | url = http://religions.pewforum.org/maps | access-date = March 19, 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150506033840/http://religions.pewforum.org/maps | archive-date = May 6, 2015 | url-status = live }}</ref>

===Languages===
The Spanish, Cushite, Beja, Somali, Miao, Hmong, Vietnamese, Chinese, Russian, Arabic, Amharic, Karen, and Niger-Congo languages are spoken in Minnesota.<ref>[https://mn.gov/deed/assets/minnesota-language-demographic-data-report_tcm1045-516937.docx Minnesota Language and Demographic Data Report]</ref>