Editing Metropolis (1927 film) (section)

==Music==
===Original score===
[[Gottfried Huppertz]] composed the film's [[film score|score]] for a large orchestra. He drew inspiration from [[Richard Wagner]] and [[Richard Strauss]], and combined a classical orchestral style with mild modernist touches to portray the film's massive industrial city of workers.{{sfn|Minden|Bachmann|2002|p=125}} Nestled within the original score were quotations of [[Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle]]'s "[[La Marseillaise]]" and the traditional "[[Dies Irae]]", the latter of which was matched to the film's apocalyptic imagery. Huppertz's music played a prominent role during the film's production; the composer often played piano on Lang's set to inform the actors' performances. Huppertz's score only accompanied the film once, at its original premiere. Sections of the score were recorded and released by the record label Vox.

The full score was not recorded until 2001, for the film's first comprehensive restoration, with Berndt Heller conducting the [[Deutsche Radio Philharmonie Saarbrücken Kaiserslautern|Rundfunksinfonieorchester Saarbrücken]]. It was released internationally on various DVD editions beginning in 2003.<ref name="DVDCompareDVD">{{cite web|url=http://dvdcompare.net/comparisons/film.php?fid=429|title=Metropolis (1927) DVD comparison|publisher=DVDCompare|access-date=27 November 2019|archive-date=4 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204052913/http://www.dvdcompare.net/comparisons/film.php?fid=429|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2007, Huppertz's score was also played live by the VCS Radio Symphony, which accompanied the restored version of the film at Brenden Theatres in Vacaville, California.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thereporter.com/entertainment/ci_6457575|title=VCS to play live film score at screening review|publisher=The Reporter|date=25 July 2007|access-date=31 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903045230/http://www.thereporter.com/entertainment/ci_6457575|archive-date=3 September 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> The score was also produced in a salon orchestration, which was performed for the first time in the United States in August 2007 by the Bijou Orchestra under the direction of Leo Najar as part of a German Expressionist film festival in Bay City, Michigan.<ref>{{cite web|title =State Theater August Line Up in Downtown Bay City| url = http://www.mybaycity.com/scripts/P3_V2/P3V3-0200.cfm?P3_ArticleID=1728| work =State Theater of Bay City| access-date =9 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160209194447/http://www.mybaycity.com/scripts/P3_V2/P3V3-0200.cfm?P3_ArticleID=1728|archive-date=9 February 2016}}</ref> The same forces also performed the work at the [[Traverse City Film Festival]] in Traverse City, Michigan in August 2009.

For the film's 2010 "complete" restoration premiere, Huppertz's score was performed live and subsequently re-recorded by the [[Berlin Radio Symphony Orchestra]], conducted by [[Frank Strobel]].<ref name=bennett /> This version was released internationally on various DVD and Blu-ray editions beginning in 2010.<ref name=DVDCompareDVD/><ref name="DVDCompareBlu-ray">{{cite web|url=http://dvdcompare.net/comparisons/film.php?fid=17394|title=Metropolis (1927) Blu-ray comparison|publisher=DVDCompare|access-date=27 November 2019|archive-date=3 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103112548/http://www.dvdcompare.net/comparisons/film.php?fid=17394|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Other scores===
Various artists have created other scores for ''Metropolis'':
* In 1975, the BBC provided an electronic score composed by William Fitzwater and [[Hugh Davies (composer)|Hugh Davies]].<ref>{{cite web|title =Hugh Davies – Electronic Music Studios in Britain: Goldsmiths, University of London|url=http://www.gold.ac.uk/ems/davies/|publisher=gold.ac.uk |access-date=25 December 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130310092004/https://www.gold.ac.uk/ems/davies/|archive-date=10 March 2013}}</ref>
* In 1978, Australian composer [[Chris Neal (songwriter)|Chris Neal]] created an experimental score for the film. It was performed live around Sydney throughout 1979.
* In 1984, [[Giorgio Moroder]] restored and produced the 80-minute 1984 re-release, which had a pop soundtrack written by Moroder and performed by Moroder, [[Pat Benatar]], [[Bonnie Tyler]], [[Jon Anderson]], [[Adam Ant]], Cycle V, [[Loverboy]], [[Billy Squier]], and [[Freddie Mercury]].
* In 1991, the [[Club Foot Orchestra]] created an original score that was performed live with the film. It was also recorded for CD.
* In 1994, Montenegrin [[experimental rock]] musician [[Rambo Amadeus]] wrote his version of the musical score for Metropolis. At the screening of the film in [[Belgrade]], the score was played by the [[Belgrade Philharmonic Orchestra]].
* In 1998, the material was recorded and released on the album ''Metropolis B (tour-de-force)''.<ref>{{cite web|title =Rambo Amadeus & Miroslav Savić – Metropolis B| date = 5 September 1998 | url = https://www.discogs.com/Rambo-Amadeus-Miroslav-Savi%C4%87-Metropolis-B/release/1735914 | publisher=Discogs |access-date =17 February 2016|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090821201427/http://www.discogs.com/Rambo-Amadeus-Miroslav-Savi%C4%87-Metropolis-B/release/1735914|archive-date =21 August 2009}}</ref>
* In 1996, the [[Degenerate Art Ensemble]] (then the Young Composers Collective) scored the film for chamber orchestra, performing it in various venues including a free outdoor concert and screening in 1997 in Seattle's [[Gasworks Park]].<ref>{{cite web|title =Metropolis – revival of our 1997 orchestral score| url = http://degenerateartensemble.com/new-page-1 | publisher= degenerateartensemble.com/ |access-date =17 February 2016|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150204033117/http://degenerateartensemble.com/new-page-1/ |archive-date=4 February 2015}}</ref> The soundtrack was subsequently released on Un-Labeled Records.
* In 2000, [[Jeff Mills]] created a [[techno]] score for ''Metropolis'' which was released as an album. He also performed the score live at public screenings of the film.
* In 2004, [[Abel Korzeniowski]] created a score for ''Metropolis'' played live by a 90-piece orchestra and a choir of 60 voices and two soloists. The first performance took place at the Era Nowe Horyzonty Film Festival in Poland.
* In 2004, [[Ronnie Cramer]] produced a score and effects soundtrack for ''Metropolis'' that won two Aurora awards.<ref>{{cite web|title =Ronnie Cramer|url = http://cramer.org/music/index.htm#Metropolis | publisher= cramer.org/|access-date =17 February 2016|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20000815061257/http://cramer.org/music/index.htm |archive-date=15 August 2000}}</ref>
* The New Pollutants ([[Mister Speed]] and DJ Tr!p) has performed ''[[Metropolis Rescore]]'' live for festivals since 2005{{Citation needed|reason=Reliable source needed for the whole sentence|date=February 2016}} and rescored to the 2010 version of the film for premiere at the [[2011 Adelaide Film Festival]].<ref>Staff [https://e.issuu.com/embed.html#18792601/66196258 "Past Festivals: 2011"] p.28 [[Adelaide Film Festival]] website</ref>
* By 2010, the [[Alloy Orchestra]] had scored four different versions of the film, including Moroder's, and most recently for the American premiere of the 2010 restoration. A recording of Alloy's full score was commissioned by Kino Lorber, with the intention of it being issued on their remastered Blu-ray and DVD as an alternative soundtrack, but this was vetoed by Friedrich-Wilhelm-Murnau-Stiftung, which owns the copyright to the restoration and mandates that only their own score can accompany it. Alloy's score is available on its website and can be synchronised to the film independently.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.alloyorchestra.com/product/metropolis-mp3-cd-2010-complete-score/ |title=Alloy Orchestra: ''Metropolis'' – MP3 CD, 2010 Complete Score |access-date=9 October 2018 |archive-date=9 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009213007/http://www.alloyorchestra.com/product/metropolis-mp3-cd-2010-complete-score/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Complete Metropolis from Kino in November - Page 2 - NitrateVille.com|url=https://nitrateville.com/viewtopic.php?f=1&t=7058&p=39025#p39025|access-date=29 December 2022|website=nitrateville.com}}</ref>
* In 2012, [[Dieter Moebius]] was invited to perform music to the film. For that purpose, he produced pre-arranged tracks and samples, combined with live improvisation. He died in 2015, but the project was completed and released in 2016, as ''Musik für Metropolis''.
* In 2014, the pianist/composer [[Dmytro Morykit]] created a new live piano score, which received a standing ovation from a sell-out audience at [[Wilton's Music Hall]] in London.<ref>{{cite web|title =Metropolis: live performance in Leamington of brand new music score|url = http://www.leamingtoncourier.co.uk/what-s-on/music/metropolis-live-performance-in-leamington-of-brand-new-music-score-1-6197605 | publisher= leamingtomcourier.co.uk|access-date =17 February 2016|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150209025911/http://www.leamingtoncourier.co.uk/what-s-on/music/metropolis-live-performance-in-leamington-of-brand-new-music-score-1-6197605 |archive-date=9 February 2015}}</ref>
* Also in 2014, Spanish band Caspervek Trio premiered a new score at "La Galería Jazz" [[Vigo]], with further performances in [[Budapest]], [[Riga]] and [[Groningen]]. [[Metavari]] rescored ''Metropolis'' as a commission from Fort Wayne, Indiana's Cinema Center for Art House Theater Day 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fortwaynereader.com/story.php?uid=3081|title=Scoring The Silence|website=fortwaynereader.com|access-date=2 May 2017}}</ref> The score was released worldwide on One Way Static Records for [[Record Store Day]] 2017 and distributed in the United States by [[Light in the Attic Records]].<ref name=":3">{{cite web|url=https://www.onewaystatic.com/ows17|title=One Way Static|website=One Way Static|access-date=2 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823020708/https://www.onewaystatic.com/ows17|archive-date=23 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://lightintheattic.net/releases/3019-metropolis-an-original-re-score-by-metavari|title=Metavari – Metropolis (An Original Re-Score by Metavari) |website=Light In The Attic Records|access-date=2 May 2017|archive-date=5 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170505023236/http://lightintheattic.net/releases/3019-metropolis-an-original-re-score-by-metavari|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* In 2015, the [[Dallas Chamber Symphony]] commissioned an original film score from composer [[Brian Satterwhite]] for the [[Giorgio Moroder]] version of ''Metropolis.'' It premiered during a concert screening at [[Moody Performance Hall]] on October 13, 2015 with [[Richard McKay]] conducting.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Magazine |first=D. |date=2015-10-14 |title=The Dallas Chamber Symphony Enhances Metropolis With New Score |url=https://www.dmagazine.com/arts-entertainment/2015/10/the-dallas-chamber-symphony-enhances-metropolis-with-new-score/ |access-date=2024-12-08 |website=D Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref>
* In 2017, [[Factory Floor]] performed their own soundtrack at the [[Science Museum, London|London Science Museum]] as part of their Robot Exhibition.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thelineofbestfit.com/news/latest-news/factory-floor-fritz-lang-metropolis-science-museum|title=Factory Floor rescore Metropolis as a post-industrial noise experience at The Science Museum|work=The Line of Best Fit|access-date=16 October 2018|language=en}}</ref> An album was released of their composition for the film in October 2018 called ''Soundtrack to a Film''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.factmag.com/2018/08/13/factory-floor-announce-metropolis-soundtrack/|title=Factory Floor announce A Soundtrack For A Film, their score to Fritz Lang's Metropolis|date=13 August 2018|work=FACT Magazine: Music News, New Music.|access-date=16 October 2018|language=en-US}}</ref>
* In February 2018, organist Brett Miller transcribed Gottfried Huppertz' original score as a benefit for [[JDRF]] live at the [[Trenton War Memorial]]. His performance was featured in March of that year in [[PBS]]'s ''State of the Arts.''<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=24 March 2019|title=Brett Miller Metropolis|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lra_PRM6BRc| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/Lra_PRM6BRc| archive-date=11 December 2021 | url-status=live|access-date=|website=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
* In 2018, flautist Yael Acher "Kat" Modiano composed and performed a new score for a showing of the 2010 restoration at the [[United Palace]] in [[Upper Manhattan]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wild|first=Stephi|title=United Palace to Screen METROPOLIS With Live Score|url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/article/United-Palace-to-Screen-METROPOLIS-With-Live-Score-20180220|access-date=29 December 2022|website=BroadwayWorld.com|language=en}}</ref>
* In 2019, organist [[Nils Henrik Asheim]] composed and performed live an experimental "extended organ" score for a showing of the 2010 restoration at [[Stavanger Konserthus]]. Heavy modification of the organ was used to create a futuristic soundscape for the film.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Metropolis - soundtrack for extended organ|url=https://www.nilshenrikasheim.no/organ/636-metropolis-soundtrack-for-extended-organ|access-date=29 December 2022|website=www.nilshenrikasheim.no|archive-date=3 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003211549/https://www.nilshenrikasheim.no/organ/636-metropolis-soundtrack-for-extended-organ|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Also in 2019, the [[Bach-Elgar Choir|Bach Elgar Choir]], under director Alexander Cann, presented a live soundtrack to the film, which included prepared improvised music as well as compositions by [[Maurice Ravel|Ravel]], [[Charles Ives|Ives]], [[Arthur Honegger|Honegger]], Canadian composer [[Harry Freedman]], and excerpts from [[Gottfried Huppertz|Huppertz]]'s original soundtrack. The choir was joined by four instrumentalists (Chris Palmer, electric guitar, Evelyn Charlotte Joe, double bass, Connor Bennett, tenor saxophone, Krista Rhodes, keyboard).<ref>{{Cite news|title=Opinion {{!}} Hamilton Children's Choir echo as 2019's best|language=en|work=thespec.com|url=https://www.thespec.com/entertainment/2019/12/25/leonard-turnevicius-hamilton-children-s-choir-echo-as-2019-s-best.html|access-date=22 February 2021}}</ref>
* In 2022, a new original score by French-Brazilian composer Maximiano Cobra and performed by the Europa Philharmonia Orchestra was released. Cobra self-produced a 181 minute version of the film synched to his score using time remapping, and re-adapting the intertitles into English.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://maximiannocobra.net/en/news/new-a-upcoming-releases/metropolis-fritz-lang-new-version-cobra-2022-3-hours-new-english-intertitles-music-soundtrack-4k | title=Maximianno Cobra - METROPOLIS - Fritz Lang - New Version "Cobra - 2022" - 3 Hours - New English Intertitles & Music Soundtrack 4K }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://shakespearenetwork.net/media-room/media-menu/videos/shakespeare-s-dramatic-heritage/metropolis-fritz-lang-new-version-cobra-2022-3-hours-new-english-intertitles-music-soundtrack-4k | title=METROPOLIS - Fritz Lang - New Version - 3 Hours - New English Intertitles & Music Soundtrack 4K }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://tempuscollection.com/en/catalogue/4k-videos-downloads/item/metropolis-fritz-lang-new-version-2022-3-hours-new-english-intertitles-music-soundtrack-4k | title=METROPOLIS - Fritz Lang - New Version 2022 - 3 Hours - New English Intertitles & Music Soundtrack 4K and DCP }}</ref>