Editing Methylation (section)

====RNA methylation====
'''RNA methylation''' occurs in different RNA species viz. [[tRNA]], [[rRNA]], [[mRNA]], [[tmRNA]], [[snRNA]], [[snoRNA]], [[miRNA]], and viral RNA. Different catalytic strategies are employed for RNA methylation by a variety of RNA-methyltransferases. RNA methylation is thought to have existed before DNA methylation in the early forms of life evolving on earth.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rana |first1=Ajay K. |last2=Ankri |first2=Serge |title=Reviving the RNA World: An Insight into the Appearance of RNA Methyltransferases |journal=Frontiers in Genetics |date=6 June 2016 |volume=7 |page=99 |doi=10.3389/fgene.2016.00099 |pmid=27375676 |pmc=4893491 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

[[N6-Methyladenosine|N6-methyladenosine (m6A)]] is the most common and abundant methylation modification in RNA molecules (mRNA) present in eukaryotes. 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) also commonly occurs in various RNA molecules. Recent data strongly suggest that m6A and 5-mC RNA methylation affects the regulation of various biological processes such as RNA stability and mRNA translation,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Choi |first1=Junhong |last2=Ieong |first2=Ka-Weng |last3=Demirci |first3=Hasan |last4=Chen |first4=Jin |last5=Petrov |first5=Alexey |last6=Prabhakar |first6=Arjun |last7=O'Leary |first7=Seán E |last8=Dominissini |first8=Dan |last9=Rechavi |first9=Gideon |last10=Soltis |first10=S Michael |last11=Ehrenberg |first11=Måns |last12=Puglisi |first12=Joseph D |title=N6-methyladenosine in mRNA disrupts tRNA selection and translation-elongation dynamics |journal=Nature Structural & Molecular Biology |date=February 2016 |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=110–115 |doi=10.1038/nsmb.3148 |pmid=26751643 |pmc=4826618 }}</ref> and that abnormal RNA methylation contributes to etiology of human diseases.<ref>{{cite web|last=Stewart|first=Kendal|title=Methylation (MTHFR) Testing & Folate Deficiency|date=15 September 2017|url=https://www.genomixnutrition.com/methylation-testing-s/2.htm|access-date=11 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012202147/https://www.genomixnutrition.com/methylation-testing-s/2.htm|archive-date=12 October 2017}}</ref>

In social insects such as honey bees, RNA methylation is studied as a possible epigenetic mechanism underlying aggression via reciprocal crosses.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bresnahan |first1=Sean T. |last2=Lee |first2=Ellen |last3=Clark |first3=Lindsay |last4=Ma |first4=Rong |last5=Rangel |first5=Juliana |last6=Grozinger |first6=Christina M. |last7=Li-Byarlay |first7=Hongmei |title=Examining parent-of-origin effects on transcription and RNA methylation in mediating aggressive behavior in honey bees (Apis mellifera) |journal=BMC Genomics |date=12 June 2023 |volume=24 |issue=1 |page=315 |doi=10.1186/s12864-023-09411-4 |doi-access=free |pmid=37308882 |pmc=10258952 }}</ref>