Editing Metabolic pathway (section)

===Targeting oxidative phosphorylation===
Metabolic pathways can be targeted for clinically therapeutic uses. Within the mitochondrial metabolic network, for instance, there are various pathways that can be targeted by compounds to prevent cancer cell proliferation.<ref name="Frattaruolo">{{cite journal | vauthors = Frattaruolo L, Brindisi M, Curcio R, Marra F, Dolce V, Cappello AR | title = Targeting the Mitochondrial Metabolic Network: A Promising Strategy in Cancer Treatment | journal = International Journal of Molecular Sciences | volume = 21 | issue = 17 | pages = 2–11 | date = August 2020 | pmid = 32825551 | pmc = 7503725 | doi = 10.3390/ijms21176014 | doi-access = free }}</ref> One such pathway is [[oxidative phosphorylation]] (OXPHOS) within the [[electron transport chain]] (ETC). Various inhibitors can downregulate the electrochemical reactions that take place at Complex I, II, III, and IV, thereby preventing the formation of an electrochemical gradient and downregulating the movement of electrons through the ETC. The substrate-level phosphorylation that occurs at ATP synthase can also be directly inhibited, preventing the formation of ATP that is necessary to supply energy for cancer cell proliferation.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Yadav N, Kumar S, Marlowe T, Chaudhary AK, Kumar R, Wang J, O'Malley J, Boland PM, Jayanthi S, Kumar TK, Yadava N, Chandra D | display-authors = 6 | title = Oxidative phosphorylation-dependent regulation of cancer cell apoptosis in response to anticancer agents | journal = Cell Death & Disease | volume = 6 | issue = 11 | pages = e1969 | date = November 2015 | pmid = 26539916 | pmc = 4670921 | doi = 10.1038/cddis.2015.305 }}</ref> Some of these inhibitors, such as [[lonidamine]] and [[atovaquone]],<ref name="Frattaruolo"/> which inhibit Complex II and Complex III, respectively, are currently undergoing clinical trials for [[Food and Drug Administration|FDA]] approval. Other non-FDA-approved inhibitors have still shown experimental success in vitro.