Editing Manhattan (section)

==Geography==
{{See also|Geography of New York City}}
[[File:Manhattan by Sentinel-2.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|Satellite image of Manhattan, bounded by the [[Hudson River]] to the west, the [[Harlem River]] to the north, the [[East River]] to the east, and [[New York Harbor]] to the south, with rectangular [[Central Park]] prominently visible. [[Roosevelt Island]], in the East River, belongs to Manhattan.]]

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], New York County has a total area of {{convert|33.6|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|22.8|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|10.8|sqmi}} (32%) is water.<ref name="CensusArea" /> The northern segment of Upper Manhattan represents a geographic [[Salient (geography)|panhandle]]. Manhattan Island is {{convert|22.7|sqmi|km2}} in area, {{convert|13.4|mi|km}} long and {{convert|2.3|mi|km}} wide, at its widest point, near [[14th Street (Manhattan)|14th Street]].<ref name=Passikoff>Passikoff, Ben. [https://books.google.com/books?id=kmKCDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT61 ''The Writing on the Wall: Rediscovering New York City's "Ghost Signs"''], p. 61. [[Simon and Schuster]], 2017. {{ISBN|9781510702950}}. Accessed January 1, 2024. "Manhattan is 22.7 square miles of land, measuring 2.3 miles wide at 14th Street and 13.4 miles long."</ref><ref>[https://www.nyctourism.com/visitor-info/ Visitor Information], [[New York City Tourism + Conventions]]. Accessed February 24, 2025. "Manhattan Island is roughly 13.4 miles (21.6km) long and about 2.3 miles (3.7km) across at its widest point."</ref>

The borough consists primarily of Manhattan Island, along with the [[Marble Hill, Manhattan|Marble Hill]] neighborhood and several small islands, including [[Randalls and Wards Islands|Randalls Island and Wards Island]] and [[Roosevelt Island]] in the East River; and [[Governors Island]] and [[Liberty Island]] to the south in [[New York Harbor]].<ref name=Islands>[http://law.justia.com/codes/new-york/2006/new-york-city-administrative-code-new/adc02-202_2-202.html New York City Administrative Code Section 2-202 Division into boroughs and boundaries thereof&nbsp;– Division Into Boroughs And Boundaries Thereof.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104013839/https://law.justia.com/codes/new-york/2006/new-york-city-administrative-code-new/adc02-202_2-202.html |date=January 4, 2018 }}, Justia. Accessed November 20, 2016. "The borough of Manhattan shall consist of the territory known as New York county, which shall contain all that part of the city and state, including that portion of land commonly known as Marble Hill and included within the county of New York and borough of Manhattan for all purposes pursuant to chapter nine hundred thirty-nine of the laws of nineteen hundred eighty-four and further including the islands called Manhattan Island, Governor's Island, Bedloe's Island, Ellis Island, Franklin D. Roosevelt Island, Randall's Island and Oyster Island..."</ref>

===Manhattan Island===
The Island is about {{convert|13.4|mi|km}} from north to south, and at its widest, {{convert|2.3|mi|km}}.<ref name=Passikoff/> Manhattan Island is loosely divided into Downtown ([[Lower Manhattan]]), Midtown ([[Midtown Manhattan]]), and Uptown ([[Upper Manhattan]]), with [[Fifth Avenue]] dividing Manhattan lengthwise into its [[East Side (Manhattan)|East Side]] and [[West Side (Manhattan)|West Side]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Rough Guide to New York City|page=v|author1=Martin Dunford|author2=Jack Holland |year=2002|publisher=Rough Guides}}</ref> Manhattan Island is bounded by the [[Hudson River]] to the west and the [[East River]] to the east. To the north, the [[Harlem River]] divides Manhattan Island from [[the Bronx]] and the mainland United States.
Early in the 19th century, [[land reclamation]] was used to expand Lower Manhattan from the natural Hudson shoreline at [[Greenwich Street]] to [[West Street (Manhattan)|West Street]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Over and Back: The History of Ferryboats in New York Harbor|author=Brian J. Cudahy |publisher=Fordham University Press|year=1990|page=25|isbn=978-0-8232-1245-3}}</ref> When [[construction of the World Trade Center|building the World Trade Center]] in 1968, {{convert|1.2|e6cuyd|m3}} of material excavated from the site<ref>{{cite book|author=Gillespie, Angus K. |year=1999 |title=Twin Towers: The Life of New York City's World Trade Center |publisher=[[Rutgers University Press]]|page=[https://archive.org/details/twintowerslifeof00gill/page/71 71] |url=https://archive.org/details/twintowerslifeof00gill|url-access=registration |isbn=978-0-7838-9785-1}}</ref> was used to expand the Manhattan [[shoreline]] across West Street, creating [[Battery Park City]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/15/realestate/battery-park-city-a-resort-like-community-built-on-landfill.html|work=The New York Times |title=Battery Park City: A Resort-Like Community Built on Landfill |author=Aileen Jacobson|date=August 15, 2018}}</ref> Constructed on piers at a cost of $260&nbsp;million, [[Little Island at Pier 55|Little Island]] opened on the Hudson River in May 2021, connected to the western termini of [[13th Street (Manhattan)|13th]] and [[14th Street (Manhattan)|14th Streets]] by [[footbridge]]s.<ref>{{cite news |author=Michael Kimmelman |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/20/arts/little-island-barry-diller.html |url-access=limited |access-date=May 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/20/arts/little-island-barry-diller.html |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |title=A New $260 Million Park Floats on the Hudson. It's a Charmer.|quote=Little Island, developed by Barry Diller, with an amphitheater and dramatic views, opens on Hudson River Park. Opponents battled it for years. |newspaper=The New York Times|date=May 20, 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

===Marble Hill===
{{main|Marble Hill, Manhattan}}
Marble Hill was part of the northern tip of Manhattan Island, but the [[Harlem River Ship Canal]], dug in 1895 to better connect the [[Harlem River|Harlem]] and [[Hudson River|Hudson]] rivers, separated it from the remainder of Manhattan.<ref name="canal">[[Christopher Gray (architectural historian)|Gray, Christopher]]. [https://www.nytimes.com/1988/03/06/realestate/streetscapes-spuyten-duyvil-swing-bridge-restoring-a-link-in-the-city-s-lifeline.html "Streetscapes: Spuyten Duyvil Swing Bridge; Restoring a Link In the City's Lifeline"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116001257/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/03/06/realestate/streetscapes-spuyten-duyvil-swing-bridge-restoring-a-link-in-the-city-s-lifeline.html |date=January 16, 2020 }}. ''[[The New York Times]]'', March 6, 1988. Accessed December 26, 2023. "At some point, the wooden bridge was replaced by an iron one, certainly by 1895 when the Spuyten Duyvil Creek and the Harlem River were widened and joined as the Harlem River Ship Canal, linking the East and Hudson Rivers."</ref> Before World War I, the section of the original Harlem River channel separating Marble Hill from the Bronx was filled in, and Marble Hill became part of the mainland.<ref>Jackson, Nancy Beth. [https://www.nytimes.com/2003/01/26/realestate/if-you-re-thinking-living-marble-hill-tiny-slice-manhattan-mainland.html "If You're Thinking of Living In/Marble Hill; Tiny Slice of Manhattan on the Mainland"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328073616/https://www.nytimes.com/2003/01/26/realestate/if-you-re-thinking-living-marble-hill-tiny-slice-manhattan-mainland.html |date=March 28, 2019 }}. ''[[The New York Times]]'', January 26, 2003. Accessed December 26, 2023. "The building of the Harlem River Ship Canal turned the hill into an island in 1895, but when Spuyten Duyvel Creek on the west was filled in before World War I, the 51 acres became firmly attached to the mainland and the Bronx."</ref> After a May 1984 court ruling that Marble Hill was simultaneously part of the Borough of Manhattan (not the Borough of the Bronx) and part of Bronx County (not New York County),<ref>Chambers, Marcia. [https://www.nytimes.com/1984/05/16/nyregion/judge-s-ruling-revives-dispute-on-marble-hill.html "Judge's Ruling Revives Dispute On Marble Hill"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', May 16, 1984. Accessed January 8, 2024. "After a painstaking legal and historical analysis, Justice Peter J. McQuillan said rather, that Marble Hill lies in both. 'The conclusion is irresistible,' he said in a 36-page opinion, that Marble Hill is situated in the Borough of Manhattan, but is not part of New York County. By statute, he said, 'it is in Bronx County.' Contrary to what the Legislature may have thought when it redefined boundary lines for Manhattan in 1938 and again in 1940, it 'dealt only with boroughs and not counties,' the judge wrote. In short, the boundaries of New York County and Manhattan are not the same, he said."</ref> the matter was definitively settled later that year when the [[New York Legislature]] overwhelmingly passed legislation declaring the neighborhood part of both New York County and the Borough of Manhattan.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1984/06/27/nyregion/bill-would-clarify-marble-hill-s-status.html "Bill Would Clarify Marble Hill's Status"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', June 27, 1984. Accessed January 8, 2024. "The Assembly voted tonight to move the Marble Hill section of the Borough of Manhattan into New York County, thereby correcting a 46-year old mistake.... A dispute over Marble Hill followed, but the matter was mostly put to rest in 1938, when the boundaries of the Borough of Manhattan were shifted to include Marble Hill.... Tonight the Assembly voted 140 to 4 and joined the Senate in moving to change that, and the measure now goes to the Governor. It would be retroactive to Jan. 1, 1938."</ref><ref>[https://law.justia.com/cases/new-york/appellate-division-first-department/2007/2007-09955.html ''Montesano v New York City Hous. Auth.''], Justia, as corrected through March 19, 2008. Accessed January 8, 2024. "Less than 10 weeks after the Boyd decision, the Legislature eliminated any doubt that the Borough of Manhattan and New York County were conterminous in this respect by specifically including Marble Hill in both the Borough of Manhattan and New York County, 'for all purposes,' retroactive to 1938 (L 1984, ch 939). The official map of the City of New York now shows that Marble Hill is located in New York County."</ref>

===Smaller islands===
{{see also|List of smaller islands in New York City}}
[[File:Liberty Island photo Don Ramey Logan.jpg|thumb|alt=A tall green statue on an island in a harbor.|[[Liberty Island]], an [[Enclave and exclave|exclave]] of Manhattan, [[New York City]], and the [[New York (state)|state of New York]], that is surrounded by [[New Jersey]] waters]]
Within [[New York Harbor]], there are three smaller islands:
* [[Ellis Island]], shared with [[New Jersey]]<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.cntraveler.com/stories/2013-11-18/maphead-ellis-island|title=You Think You Know Which State Owns Ellis Island, but You're Probably Wrong|author=Ken Jennings|date=November 18, 2013|journal=Condé Nast Traveler}}</ref>
* [[Governors Island]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20230426-governors-island-the-uninhabited-isle-that-birthed-nyc|work=BBC Travel|title=Governors Island: The uninhabited isle that birthed NYC|author=Amy Thomas|date=April 27, 2023}}</ref>
* [[Liberty Island]] (administered by the [[National Park Service]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/stli/planyourvisit/get-the-facts.htm|publisher=National Park Service|access-date=September 13, 2023|title=Statue of Liberty}}</ref>

Other smaller islands, in the [[East River]], include (from north to south):
* [[Randalls and Wards Islands]], joined by landfill
* [[Mill Rock]]
* [[Roosevelt Island]], which has a population of 14,000, extends for {{Convert|2|mi}}, and was renamed in 1973 from Welfare Island to honor President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]].<ref>[https://www.tclf.org/landscapes/roosevelt-island Roosevelt Island], [[The Cultural Landscape Foundation]]. Accessed December 26, 2023. "Called Blackwell Island beginning in the 18th century, this 147-acre, two-mile-long island in the East River was sold to the City of New York in 1828....In 1973 the island was renamed for Franklin D. Roosevelt, during which time Louis Kahn was commissioned to design a memorial park honoring Roosevelt's four freedoms speech, which was not completed until 2012. Today, the island is home to more than 14,000 residents."</ref>
* [[U Thant Island]] (legally Belmont Island)

===Geology===
{{main|Geology of Manhattan}}
The [[bedrock]] underlying much of Manhattan consists of three rock formations: ''Inwood [[marble]]'', ''Fordham [[gneiss]]'', and ''Manhattan [[schist]]'', and is well suited for the foundations of Manhattan's [[skyscrapers]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913|page=24 |author1=Sarah Bradford Landau|author2=Carl W. Condit|year=1996 |publisher=Yale University Press}}</ref> It is part of the [[Manhattan Prong]] physiographic region.

===Adjacent counties===
{{Geographic location|state=expanded
|Centre=New York County
|North=[[The Bronx|Bronx County<br>(The Bronx)]]
|Northeast=[[The Bronx|Bronx County<br>(The Bronx)]]
|East=[[Queens|Queens County<br>(Queens)]]
|Southeast=[[Brooklyn|Kings County<br>(Brooklyn)]]
|South=[[Brooklyn|Kings County<br>(Brooklyn)]]
|Southwest=[[Staten Island|Richmond County<br>(Staten Island)]]
|West=[[Hudson County, New Jersey|Hudson County,<br>New Jersey]]
|Northwest=[[Bergen County, New Jersey|Bergen County,<br>New Jersey]]
}}

===Climate===
{{See also|Climate of New York City}}
[[File:Southwest corner of Central Park, looking east, NYC.jpg|thumb|[[Central Park]] in autumn]]

Under the [[Köppen climate classification]], New York City features both a [[humid subtropical climate]] (''Cfa'') and a [[humid continental climate]] (''Dfa'');<ref>{{cite web|url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Koppen_World_Map_%28retouched_version%29.png|title=World Map of Köppen-Geiger climate classification|last1=Peel|first1=M.C.|last2=Finlayson|first2=B.L.|publisher=The University of Melbourne |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113015116/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Koppen_World_Map_%28retouched_version%29.png|archive-date=January 13, 2015|url-status=dead|access-date=June 27, 2020}}</ref> it is the northernmost major city on the North American continent with a humid subtropical climate. The city averages 234 days with at least some sunshine annually.<ref name="noaasun"/>

Winters are cold and damp, and prevailing wind patterns that blow offshore temper the moderating effects of the [[Atlantic Ocean]], yet the Atlantic and the partial shielding from colder air by the [[Appalachian Mountains|Appalachians]] keep the city warmer in the winter than inland North American cities at similar or lesser latitudes. The daily mean temperature in January, the area's coldest month, is {{convert|32.6|°F|1}};<ref name="New York City Weatherbox NOAA txt" /> temperatures usually drop to {{convert|10|°F|0}} several times per winter,<ref name="New York City Weatherbox NOAA txt" /><ref name="NYC climate">{{cite web|title=The Climate of New York |publisher=New York State Climate Office |url=http://nysc.eas.cornell.edu/climate_of_ny.html |access-date=July 6, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080412104922/http://nysc.eas.cornell.edu/climate_of_ny.html |archive-date=April 12, 2008 }}</ref> and reach {{convert|60|°F}} several days in the coldest winter month.<ref name="New York City Weatherbox NOAA txt" /> Spring and autumn are unpredictable and can range from chilly to warm, although they are usually mild with low humidity. Summers are typically warm to hot and humid, with a daily mean temperature of {{convert|76.5|°F|1}} in July.<ref name="New York City Weatherbox NOAA txt" /> Nighttime conditions are often exacerbated by the [[urban heat island]] phenomenon, which causes heat absorbed during the day to be radiated back at night, raising temperatures by as much as {{convert|7|F-change|0|abbr=on}} when winds are slow.<ref>[https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2005/nyc_heatisland.html "Keeping New York City 'Cool' Is The Job Of NASA's 'Heat Seekers'"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191001042214/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2005/nyc_heatisland.html |date=October 1, 2019 }}, [[NASA]], January 30, 2006. Accessed November 20, 2016. "The urban heat island occurrence is particularly pronounced during summer heat waves and at night when wind speeds are low and sea breezes are light. During these times, New York City's air temperatures can rise {{convert|7.2|F-change|abbr=on}} higher than in surrounding areas."</ref> Daytime temperatures exceed {{convert|90|°F|0}} on average of 17 days each summer<ref name="New York City Weatherbox NOAA" /> and in some years exceed {{convert|100|°F|0}}. Extreme temperatures have ranged from {{convert|-15|°F|0}}, recorded on February 9, 1934, up to {{convert|106|°F|0}} on July 9, 1936.<ref name="New York City Weatherbox NOAA" /> Manhattan lies in USDA [[Hardiness zone|plant hardiness zone]] 7b (5 to 10&nbsp;°F/-15 to -12.2&nbsp;°C).<ref>{{Cite web |title=2023 USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map {{!}} USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map |url=https://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/ |access-date=August 28, 2024 |website=planthardiness.ars.usda.gov}}</ref>

Manhattan receives {{convert|49.9|in|sigfig=3}} of [[precipitation]] annually, which is relatively evenly spread throughout the year. Average winter snowfall between 1981 and 2010 has been {{convert|25.8|in|cm|0}}; this varies considerably from year to year.<ref name="New York City Weatherbox NOAA" />

{{Weather box
|name = New York City weatherbox
|location = New York ([[Belvedere Castle]], [[Central Park]]), 1991–2020 normals,{{efn|Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.}} extremes 1869–present{{efn|Official weather observations for Central Park were conducted at the Arsenal at Fifth Avenue and 64th Street from 1869 to 1919, and at Belvedere Castle since 1919.<ref>[https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/centralpark/highlights/11956 Belvedere Castle], [[New York City Department of Parks and Recreation]]. Accessed January 5, 2024. "This changed in 1919 when the United States Weather Bureau moved the Central Park Observatory to the castle. Until that time, weather measurements were taken from the Arsenal at Fifth Avenue and 64th Street where Dr. Daniel Draper founded a meteorological observatory in 1869. The Weather Bureau took over the operation in 1911, and moved it here eight years later, enclosing the castle and altering the turret's shape to accommodate their scientific instruments. "</ref>}}
|single line = Y
|Jan record high F = 72
|Feb record high F = 78
|Mar record high F = 86
|Apr record high F = 96
|May record high F = 99
|Jun record high F = 101
|Jul record high F = 106
|Aug record high F = 104
|Sep record high F = 102
|Oct record high F = 94
|Nov record high F = 84
|Dec record high F = 75
|year record high F = 106
<!-- To calculate avg record high, go to monthly summarized data, choose 1991-2020 as year range, max temp as variable, and daily maximum under summary and values are obtained under "mean"  -->
|Jan avg record high F = 60.4
|Feb avg record high F = 60.7
|Mar avg record high F = 70.3
|Apr avg record high F = 82.9
|May avg record high F = 88.5
|Jun avg record high F = 92.1
|Jul avg record high F = 95.7
|Aug avg record high F = 93.4
|Sep avg record high F = 89.0
|Oct avg record high F = 79.7
|Nov avg record high F = 70.7
|Dec avg record high F = 62.9
|year avg record high F = 97.0
|Jan high F = 39.5
|Feb high F = 42.2
|Mar high F = 49.9
|Apr high F = 61.8
|May high F = 71.4
|Jun high F = 79.7
|Jul high F = 84.9
|Aug high F = 83.3
|Sep high F = 76.2
|Oct high F = 64.5
|Nov high F = 54.0
|Dec high F = 44.3
|year high F = 62.6
|Jan mean F = 33.7
|Feb mean F = 35.9
|Mar mean F = 42.8
|Apr mean F = 53.7
|May mean F = 63.2
|Jun mean F = 72.0
|Jul mean F = 77.5
|Aug mean F = 76.1
|Sep mean F = 69.2
|Oct mean F = 57.9
|Nov mean F = 48.0
|Dec mean F = 39.1
|year mean F = 55.8
|Jan low F = 27.9
|Feb low F = 29.5
|Mar low F = 35.8
|Apr low F = 45.5
|May low F = 55.0
|Jun low F = 64.4
|Jul low F = 70.1
|Aug low F = 68.9
|Sep low F = 62.3
|Oct low F = 51.4
|Nov low F = 42.0
|Dec low F = 33.8
|year low F = 48.9
<!-- To calculate avg record low, go to monthly summarized data, choose 1991-2020 as year range, min as variable, and daily minium under summary and values are obtained under "mean"  -->
|Jan avg record low F =  9.8
|Feb avg record low F = 12.7
|Mar avg record low F = 19.7
|Apr avg record low F = 32.8
|May avg record low F = 43.9
|Jun avg record low F = 52.7
|Jul avg record low F = 61.8
|Aug avg record low F = 60.3
|Sep avg record low F = 50.2
|Oct avg record low F = 38.4
|Nov avg record low F = 27.7
|Dec avg record low F = 18.0
|year avg record low F = 7.7
|Jan record low F = −6
|Feb record low F = −15
|Mar record low F = 3
|Apr record low F = 12
|May record low F = 32
|Jun record low F = 44
|Jul record low F = 52
|Aug record low F = 50
|Sep record low F = 39
|Oct record low F = 28
|Nov record low F = 5
|Dec record low F = −13
|year record low F = -15
|precipitation color= green
|Jan precipitation inch = 3.64
|Feb precipitation inch = 3.19
|Mar precipitation inch = 4.29
|Apr precipitation inch = 4.09
|May precipitation inch = 3.96
|Jun precipitation inch = 4.54
|Jul precipitation inch = 4.60
|Aug precipitation inch = 4.56
|Sep precipitation inch = 4.31
|Oct precipitation inch = 4.38
|Nov precipitation inch = 3.58
|Dec precipitation inch = 4.38
|year precipitation inch = 49.52

|Jan snow inch = 8.8
|Feb snow inch = 10.1
|Mar snow inch = 5.0
|Apr snow inch = 0.4
|May snow inch = 0.0
|Jun snow inch = 0.0
|Jul snow inch = 0.0
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 0.0
|Oct snow inch = 0.1
|Nov snow inch = 0.5
|Dec snow inch = 4.9
|year snow inch = 29.8
|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 10.8
|Feb precipitation days = 10.0
|Mar precipitation days = 11.1
|Apr precipitation days = 11.4
|May precipitation days = 11.5
|Jun precipitation days = 11.2
|Jul precipitation days = 10.5
|Aug precipitation days = 10.0
|Sep precipitation days = 8.8
|Oct precipitation days = 9.5
|Nov precipitation days = 9.2
|Dec precipitation days = 11.4
|year precipitation days = 125.4
|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days = 3.7
|Feb snow days = 3.2
|Mar snow days = 2.0
|Apr snow days = 0.2
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.0
|Nov snow days = 0.2
|Dec snow days = 2.1
|year snow days = 11.4
|humidity color = green
|Jan humidity = 61.5
|Feb humidity = 60.2
|Mar humidity = 58.5
|Apr humidity = 55.3
|May humidity = 62.7
|Jun humidity = 65.2
|Jul humidity = 64.2
|Aug humidity = 66.0
|Sep humidity = 67.8
|Oct humidity = 65.6
|Nov humidity = 64.6
|Dec humidity = 64.1
|year humidity= 63.0
|Jan sun = 162.7
|Feb sun = 163.1
|Mar sun = 212.5
|Apr sun = 225.6
|May sun = 256.6
|Jun sun = 257.3
|Jul sun = 268.2
|Aug sun = 268.2
|Sep sun = 219.3
|Oct sun = 211.2
|Nov sun = 151.0
|Dec sun = 139.0
|year sun =
|Jan percentsun = 54
|Feb percentsun = 55
|Mar percentsun = 57
|Apr percentsun = 57
|May percentsun = 57
|Jun percentsun = 57
|Jul percentsun = 59
|Aug percentsun = 63
|Sep percentsun = 59
|Oct percentsun = 61
|Nov percentsun = 51
|Dec percentsun = 48
|year percentsun = 57
|source 1= [[NOAA]]<ref name = "New York City Weatherbox NOAA" >{{cite web |url = https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=okx |title = NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data |publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |access-date = May 4, 2021 |archive-date = May 27, 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150527215410/http://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=okx |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name="New York City Weatherbox NOAA txt">{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504224841/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USW00094728&format=pdf |archive-date=May 4, 2021 |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USW00094728&format=pdf |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |title=Summary of Monthly Normals 1991–2020 |access-date=May 4, 2021}}</ref><ref name = noaasun>{{cite web|title=New York Central Park, NY Climate Normals 1961−1990|url=ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP2/00305801.TXT|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |access-date=July 18, 2020}}</ref>
|source 2= Weather Atlas<ref name="Weather Atlas NYC">{{cite web |url=https://www.weather-us.com/en/new-york-usa/new-york-climate |title=New York, New York, USA - Monthly weather forecast and Climate data |publisher=Weather Atlas |access-date=July 4, 2019 }}</ref>
}}

===Neighborhoods===
{{Main|Neighborhoods in New York City|List of Manhattan neighborhoods}}
[[File:Past Vs. Present.png|thumb|upright|The [[Empire State Building]] (in foreground) looking south from the top of [[Rockefeller Center]] with [[One World Trade Center]] (in background)]]

Manhattan's many neighborhoods are not named according to any particular convention, nor do they have official boundaries. Some are geographical (the [[Upper East Side]]), or ethnically descriptive ([[Little Italy, Manhattan|Little Italy]]). Others are [[acronyms]], such as [[TriBeCa]] (for "TRIangle BElow CAnal Street") or [[SoHo]] ("SOuth of HOuston"), [[NoLIta, Manhattan|NoLIta]] ("NOrth of Little ITAly"), and [[NoMad]] ("NOrth of MADison Square Park").<ref>Senft, Bret. [https://www.nytimes.com/1993/09/26/realestate/if-you-re-thinking-of-living-in-tribeca-families-are-the-catalyst-for-change.html "If You're Thinking of Living In/TriBeCa; Families Are the Catalyst for Change"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328040004/https://www.nytimes.com/1993/09/26/realestate/if-you-re-thinking-of-living-in-tribeca-families-are-the-catalyst-for-change.html |date=March 28, 2019 }}, ''The New York Times'', September 26, 1993. Accessed June 30, 2009. "Families have overtaken commerce as the catalyst for change in this TRIangle BElow CAnal Street (although the only triangle here is its heart: Hudson Street meeting West Broadway at Chambers Street, with Canal its north side) ... Artists began seeking refuge from fashionable SoHo (SOuth of HOuston) as early as the mid-70s."</ref><ref>Cohen, Joyce. [https://www.nytimes.com/1998/05/17/realestate/if-you-re-thinking-of-living-in-nolita-a-slice-of-little-italy-moving-upscale.html "If You're Thinking of Living In/Nolita; A Slice of Little Italy Moving Upscale"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402153955/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/05/17/realestate/if-you-re-thinking-of-living-in-nolita-a-slice-of-little-italy-moving-upscale.html |date=April 2, 2019 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', May 17, 1998. Accessed November 30, 2023. "No one is quite certain what to call this part of town. Nolita—north of Little Italy, that is—certainly pinpoints it geographically. The not-quite-acronym was apparently coined several years ago by real-estate brokers seeking to give the area at least a little cachet."</ref><ref>Louie, Elaine. [https://www.nytimes.com/1999/08/05/garden/the-trendy-discover-nomad-land-and-move-in.html "The Trendy Discover NoMad Land, and Move In"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328031542/https://www.nytimes.com/1999/08/05/garden/the-trendy-discover-nomad-land-and-move-in.html |date=March 28, 2019 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', August 5, 1999. Accessed November 30, 2023.</ref><ref>{{cite book |last = Feirstein |first = Sanna |title = Naming New York: Manhattan Places & How They Got Their Names |publisher = [[New York University Press]] |year = 2001 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Is4VCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA103 | isbn = 978-0-8147-2712-6|page=103}}</ref><ref>Sternbergh, Adam. [https://nymag.com/realestate/neighborhoods/2010/65365/ "Soho. Nolita. Dumbo. NoMad? Branding the last unnamed neighborhood in Manhattan."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150325031050/http://nymag.com/realestate/neighborhoods/2010/65365/ |date=March 25, 2015 }}, ''[[New York (magazine)]]'', April 11, 2010. Accessed November 20, 2016.</ref> [[Harlem]] is a name from the Dutch colonial era after [[Haarlem]], a city in the Netherlands.<ref>Pitts, David. [http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/article/2005/06/20050606090446pssnikwad0.6376154.html "U.S. Postage Stamp Honors Harlem's Langston Hughes"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202045942/http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/article/2005/06/20050606090446pssnikwad0.6376154.html |date=February 2, 2017 }}, [[United States Department of State]]. Accessed November 20, 2016. "Harlem, or Nieuw Haarlem, as it was originally named, was established by the Dutch in 1658 after they took control from Native Americans. They named it after Haarlem, a city in the Netherlands."</ref> Some have simple [[folkloric]] names, such as [[Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan|Hell's Kitchen]], alongside their more official but lesser used title (in this case, Clinton).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nypl.org/blog/2011/04/22/helluva-town-origins-new-york-hellish-place-names|publisher=New York Public Library|title=A Helluva Town: The Origins of New York's Hellish Place Names|author=Carmen Nigro|date=April 22, 2011}}</ref>

Some neighborhoods, such as [[SoHo]], which is mixed use, are known for [[luxury goods|upscale shopping]] as well as residential use.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://therealdeal.com/new-york/2021/07/27/the-shopping-district-that-banned-retail-sohos-incoherent-zoning/|work=The Real Deal|title=The shopping district that banned retail: Soho's incoherent zoning|author=Joe Lovinger|date=July 27, 2021}}</ref> Others, such as [[Greenwich Village]], the [[Lower East Side, Manhattan|Lower East Side]], [[Alphabet City, Manhattan|Alphabet City]] and the [[East Village, Manhattan|East Village]], have long been associated with the [[Bohemianism|Bohemian]] subculture.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://guides.loc.gov/chronicling-america-greenwich-village|publisher=Library of Congress|access-date=September 13, 2023|title=Bohemia in Greenwich Village}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://cooperatornews.com/article/a-look-at-manhattans-east-village|work=Cooperator News|title=A Look at Manhattan's East Village|author=Hannah Fons|date=August 2009}}</ref><ref>[[Frank Bruni|Bruni, Frank]]. [https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/07/nyregion/the-grounds-he-stamped-the-new-york-of-ginsberg.html "The Grounds He Stamped: The New York Of Ginsberg"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328070541/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/07/nyregion/the-grounds-he-stamped-the-new-york-of-ginsberg.html |date=March 28, 2019 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', April 7, 1997. Accessed June 30, 2009. "Indeed, for all the worldwide attention that Mr. Ginsberg received, he was always a creature and icon principally of downtown Manhattan, his world view forged in its crucible of political and sexual passions, his eccentricities nurtured by those of its peculiar demimonde, his individual myth entwined with that of the bohemian East Village in which he made his home. ''He embodied the East Village and the Lower East Side'', Bill Morgan, a friend and Mr. Ginsberg's archivist, said yesterday."</ref> [[Chelsea, Manhattan|Chelsea]] is one of several Manhattan neighborhoods with large [[LGBT culture in New York City|gay populations]] and has become a center of both the international [[visual art|art industry]] and New York's nightlife.<ref>Dunlap, David W. [https://www.nytimes.com/1994/11/13/realestate/the-new-chelsea-s-many-faces.html "The New Chelsea's Many Faces"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328031044/https://www.nytimes.com/1994/11/13/realestate/the-new-chelsea-s-many-faces.html |date=March 28, 2019 }}, ''The New York Times'', November 13, 1994. Accessed June 30, 2009. "Gay Chelsea's role has solidified with the arrival of A Different Light bookstore, a cultural cornerstone that had been housed for a decade in an {{convert|800|sqft|m2|0|adj=on}} nook at 548 Hudson Street, near Perry Street. It now takes up more than {{convert|5000|sqft|m2|-2}} at 151 West 19th Street and its migration seems to embody a northward shift of gay life from Greenwich Village... Because of Chelsea's reputation, Mr. Garmendia said, single women were not likely to move in. But single men did. "The whole neighborhood became gay during the 70's", he said."</ref> [[Chinatown, Manhattan|Chinatown]] has the highest concentration of people of [[Chinese Americans in New York City|Chinese]] descent outside of [[Asia]].<ref>Grimes, Christopher. [https://archive.today/20120729000922/http://search.ft.com/nonFtArticle?id=030414001065 "World News: New York's Chinatown starts to feel the pinch over 'the bug'"], ''[[Financial Times]]'', April 14, 2003. Accessed May 19, 2007. "New York's Chinatown is the site of the largest concentration of Chinese people in the western hemisphere."</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nycvisit.com/content/index.cfm?pagePkey=1195 |title=Chinatown: A World of Dining, Shopping, and History |access-date=April 27, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060709160929/http://www.nycvisit.com/content/index.cfm?pagePkey=1195 |archive-date=July 9, 2006 }}, [[NYC & Company]]. Accessed June 30, 2009. "No visit to New York City is complete without exploring the sights, cuisines, history, and shops of the biggest Chinatown in the United States. The largest concentration of Chinese people—150,000—in the Western Hemisphere are in a two-square-mile area in downtown Manhattan that's loosely bounded by Lafayette, Worth, and Grand streets and East Broadway."</ref> [[Koreatown, Manhattan|Koreatown]] is roughly centered on 32nd Street between Fifth and Sixth Avenues.<ref name=KoreatownExpanding>{{cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/eats/koreatown-discerning-diners-article-1.2195196|title=Koreatown in NYC is now being taken more seriously as a dining destination|author=Gina Pace|newspaper=New York Daily News|date=April 26, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011113012/http://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/eats/koreatown-discerning-diners-article-1.2195196|archive-date=October 11, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Rose Hill, Manhattan|Rose Hill]] features a growing number of Indian restaurants and spice shops along a stretch of [[Lexington Avenue]] between 25th and 30th Streets which has become known as ''[[Curry Hill]]''.<ref>Ensminger, Kris. [http://events.nytimes.com/2008/10/12/nyregion/thecity/12rest.html  "More Than Tandoori"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901115631/http://events.nytimes.com/2008/10/12/nyregion/thecity/12rest.html  |date=September 1, 2017 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', November 20, 2016. "Curry Hill, centered on Lexington Avenue and 28th Street, is named for its many Indian restaurants and spice shops."</ref> [[Washington Heights, Manhattan|Washington Heights]] in [[Uptown Manhattan]] is home to the largest [[Dominican Americans#New York City|Dominican immigrant]] community in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lbi.org/exhibitions/virtual-refuge-heights/changing-neighborhood/ |title=A Changing Neighborhood |publisher=Leo Baeck Institute |access-date=November 22, 2022}}</ref> [[Harlem]], also in Upper Manhattan, is the historical epicenter of [[African American]] culture.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/new-african-american-identity-harlem-renaissance|access-date=September 13, 2023|title=A New African American Identity: The Harlem Renaissance|work=National Museum of African American History and Culture |publisher=Smithsonian}}</ref> Since 2010, a ''[[Little Australia]]'' has emerged and is growing in Nolita, Lower Manhattan.<ref name=LittleAustraliaNYC>{{cite web|url=https://karryon.com.au/lifestyle/travel-inspiration/crikey-welcome-to-little-australia-in-new-york-city/|title=G-day! Welcome to Little Australia in New York City|author=Shaun Busuttil|publisher=KarryOn|date=November 3, 2016|access-date=May 24, 2019|quote=In Little Australia, Australian-owned cafes are popping up all over the place (such as Two Hands), joining other Australian-owned businesses (such as nightclubs and art galleries) as part of a growing green and gold contingent in NYC. Indeed, walking in this neighbourhood, the odds of your hearing a fellow Aussie ordering a coffee or just kicking back and chatting are high – very high – so much so that if you're keen to meet other Aussies whilst taking your own bite out of the Big Apple, then this is the place to throw that Australian accent around like it's going out of fashion!|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523165204/https://karryon.com.au/lifestyle/travel-inspiration/crikey-welcome-to-little-australia-in-new-york-city/|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

Manhattan has two central business districts, the [[Financial District, Manhattan|Financial District]] at the southern tip of the island, and [[Midtown Manhattan]]. The term ''uptown'' also refers to the northern part of Manhattan above [[72nd Street (Manhattan)|72nd Street]] and ''downtown'' to the southern portion below [[14th Street (Manhattan)|14th Street]],<ref name="NYCBasics">{{cite web|url=http://www.nycvisit.com/content/index.cfm?pagePkey=365 |title=NYC Basics |access-date=October 11, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011014616/http://www.nycvisit.com/content/index.cfm?pagePkey=365 |archive-date=October 11, 2007 }}, [[NYC & Company]]. Accessed June 30, 2009. "Downtown (below 14th Street) contains Greenwich Village, SoHo, TriBeCa, and the Wall Street financial district."</ref> with ''Midtown'' covering the area in between, though definitions can be fluid. [[Fifth Avenue]] roughly bisects Manhattan Island and acts as the demarcation line for east/west designations.<ref name="NYCBasics"/><ref>Grynbaum, Michael C. [https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/23/nyregion/23fifth.html "Along 5th Ave. in Manhattan, a Dispute Over Where East and West Begin"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', March 22, 2011. Accessed January 1, 2024. "Fifth Avenue, the glittering central spine of Manhattan, is the undisputed divider of the city's famous street grid: east of Fifth is East, and west of Fifth is West. Been that way since 1838."</ref> South of [[Waverly Place]], Fifth Avenue terminates and Broadway becomes the east/west demarcation line.{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}} In Manhattan, ''uptown'' means north and ''downtown'' means south.<ref name=ManhattanUptownDowntown>{{cite web|url=https://newdevrev.com/uptown-vs-downtown-whats-the-difference/|title=Uptown vs. Downtown? What's the difference?|author=Emily Injeian|date=August 12, 2022 |publisher=NewDevRev|access-date=September 10, 2023|quote=Keep in mind, uptown and downtown are not just neighborhood designations, they are also directions. If you hear someone say they are moving uptown, that could mean they are moving anywhere north of where they currently live. Likewise with downtown.}}</ref> This usage differs from that of most American cities, where ''downtown'' refers to the central business district.

===Boroughscape===
{{Wide image|10 mile panorama of NYC, Feb., 2018.jpg|1800px|3=Ten-mile Manhattan [[skyline]] panorama from [[120th Street (Manhattan)|120th Street]] to [[The Battery (Manhattan)|the Battery]], taken February 21, 2018, from across the [[Hudson River]] in [[Weehawken, New Jersey]].
{{Flatlist|
# [[Riverside Church]]
# [[Time Warner Center]]
# [[220 Central Park South]]
# [[Central Park Tower]]
# [[One57]]
# [[432 Park Avenue]]
# [[53W53]]
# [[Chrysler Building]]
# [[Bank of America Tower (Manhattan)|Bank of America Tower]]
# [[Conde Nast Building]]
# [[The New York Times Building]]
# [[Empire State Building]]
# [[Manhattan West]]
# a: [[55 Hudson Yards]], b: [[35 Hudson Yards]], c: [[10 Hudson Yards]], d: [[15 Hudson Yards]]
# [[56 Leonard Street]]
# [[8 Spruce Street]]
# [[Woolworth Building]]
# [[70 Pine Street]]
# [[30 Park Place]]
# [[40 Wall Street]]
# [[Three World Trade Center]]
# [[Four World Trade Center]]
# [[One World Trade Center]]}}
|align-cap=center}}