Editing Mangrove (section)

==Taxonomy and evolution==
The following listings, based on Tomlinson, 2016, give the mangrove species in each listed plant genus and family.<ref name="Tomlinson2016">{{cite book | last=Tomlinson | first=P. B. | title=The botany of mangroves | publisher=Cambridge University Press | publication-place=Cambridge, United Kingdom | year=2016 | isbn=978-1-107-08067-6 | oclc=946579968}}</ref> Mangrove environments in the Eastern Hemisphere harbor six times as many species of trees and shrubs as do mangroves in the [[New World]]. [[Genetic divergence]] of mangrove lineages from terrestrial relatives, in combination with [[Paleontology|fossil evidence]], suggests mangrove diversity is limited by evolutionary transition into the stressful marine environment, and the number of mangrove lineages has increased steadily over the [[Tertiary]] with little global extinction.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Ricklefs, R. E. |author2=A. Schwarzbach |author3=S. S. Renner |date=2006 |title=Rate of lineage origin explains the diversity anomaly in the world's mangrove vegetation |journal=[[American Naturalist]] |volume=168 |issue=6 |pages=805–810 |doi=10.1086/508711 |pmid=17109322 |s2cid=1493815 |url=http://blue.utb.edu/aschwarzbach/publications/MangroveAmerNaturalist.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616034200/http://blue.utb.edu/aschwarzbach/publications/MangroveAmerNaturalist.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2013 }}</ref>

=== True mangroves ===
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible"
|-
! colspan=5 width=700px align=left style="background:#ddf8f8" | True mangroves (major components or strict mangroves)
|-
| colspan=5 align=center style=background:#e8e8ff | <small>Following Tomlinson, 2016, the following 35 species are the true mangroves, contained in 5 families and 9 genera<ref name=Tomlinson2016 />{{rp|29–30}}<br />Included on green backgrounds are annotations about the genera made by Tomlinson</small>
|-
! Family
! Genus
! Mangrove species
! Common name
!
|-
! rowspan=2| [[Arecaceae]]
| colspan=4  style=background:#ddf8f8 | <small>Monotypic subfamily within the family</small>
|-
| ''[[Nypa fruticans|Nypa]]''
| ''[[Nypa fruticans]]''
| Mangrove palm
| [[File:Nypa fruticans - Taki - North 24 Parganas 2015-01-13 4729.JPG|60px]]
|-
! rowspan=10 style=float:top | [[Avicenniaceae]]<br /><small>(disputed)</small>
| colspan=4  style=background:#ddf8f8 | <small>Old monogeneric family, now subsumed in Acanthaceae, but clearly isolated</small>
|-
| rowspan=9 align=top | ''[[Avicennia]]''
| ''[[Avicennia alba]]''
|
| [[File:Avicennia alba.jpg|60px]]
|-
| ''[[Avicennia balanophora]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Avicennia bicolor]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Avicennia integra]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Avicennia marina]]''
| grey mangrove<br /><small>(subspecies: ''australasica'',<br />''eucalyptifolia'', ''rumphiana'')</small>
| [[File:Mangroves at Muzhappilangad101 (11).jpg|60px]]
|-
| ''[[Avicennia officinalis]]''
| Indian mangrove
| [[File:Avicennia officinalis (2682502984).jpg|60px]]
|-
| ''[[Avicennia germinans]]''
| black mangrove
| [[File:Avicennia germinans-flowers2.jpg|60px]]
|-
| ''[[Avicennia schaueriana]]''
|
| [[File:Avicennia cf. schaueriana mangue-preto.jpg|60px]]
|-
| ''[[Avicennia tonduzii]]''
|
|
|-
! rowspan=4| [[Combretaceae]]
| colspan=4  style=background:#ddf8f8 | <small>Tribe Lagunculariae (including Macropteranthes = non-mangrove)</small>
|-
| ''[[Laguncularia]]''
| ''[[Laguncularia racemosa]]''
| white mangrove
| [[File:Laguncularia racemosa flowers.jpg|60px]]
|-
| rowspan= 2 | [[Lumnitzera]]
| ''[[Lumnitzera racemosa]]''
| white-flowered black mangrove
| [[File:Lumnitzera racemosa (11544407974).jpg|60px]]
|-
| ''[[Lumnitzera littorea]]''
|
| [[File:Lumnitzera littorea.jpg|60px]]
|-
! rowspan=19 | [[Rhizophoraceae]]
| colspan=4  style=background:#ddf8f8 | <small>Rhizophoraceae collectively form the tribe Rhizophorae, a monotypic group, within the otherwise terrestrial family</small>
|-
| rowspan=6 | ''[[Bruguiera]]''
| ''[[Bruguiera cylindrica]]''
|
| [[File:Mangroves at Muzhappilangad004.jpg|60px]]
|-
| ''[[Bruguiera exaristata]]''
| rib-fruited mangrove
| [[File:Flowers of Bruguiera exaristata.png|60px]]
|-
| ''[[Bruguiera gymnorhiza]]''
| oriental mangrove
| [[File:Bruguiera gymnorrhiza.jpg|60px]]
|-
| ''[[Bruguiera hainesii]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Bruguiera parviflora]]''
|
| [[File:Brugu parvi 111021-18862 Fl kbu.jpg|60px]]
|-
| ''[[Bruguiera sexangula]]''
| upriver orange mangrove
| [[File:Bruguiera sexangula.jpg|60px]]
|-
| rowspan=2 | ''[[Ceriops]]''
| ''[[Ceriops australis]]''
|  yellow mangrove
| [[File:Yellow mangrove.jpg|60px]]
|-
| ''[[Ceriops tagal]]''
| spurred mangrove
| [[File:Rhizophoreae sp Blanco2.415-cropped.jpg|60px]]
|-
| rowspan=2 | ''[[Kandelia]]''
| ''[[Kandelia candel]]''
|
| [[File:Kandelia candel 9429.jpg|60px]]
|-
| ''[[Kandelia obovata]]''
|
| [[File:秋茄樹(水筆仔) Kandelia obovata -香港大埔滘白鷺湖 Lake Egret Park, Hong Kong- (9240150714).jpg|60px]]
|-
| rowspan=8 | ''[[Rhizophora]]''
|  ''[[Rhizophora apiculata]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Rhizophora harrisonii]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Rhizophora mangle]]''
| red mangrove
|
|-
| ''[[Rhizophora mucronata]]''
| Asiatic mangrove
| [[File:Rhizophora mucronata Propagules.jpg|60px]]
|-
| ''[[Rhizophora racemosa]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Rhizophora samoensis]]''
| Samoan mangrove
|
|-
| ''[[Rhizophora stylosa]]''
| spotted mangrove,
|
|-
| ''[[Rhizophora x lamarckii]]''
|
|
|-
! rowspan=5 | [[Lythraceae]]
| rowspan=5 | ''[[Sonneratia]]''
| ''[[Sonneratia alba]]''
|
| [[File:Sonneratia alba - fruit (8349980264).jpg|60px]]
|-
| ''[[Sonneratia apetala]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Sonneratia caseolaris]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Sonneratia ovata]]''

|
|
|-
| ''[[Sonneratia griffithii]]''
|
|-
|}

=== Other mangroves ===
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible"
|-
! colspan=5 width=700px align=left style="background:#ddf8f8" | Minor components
|-
| colspan=5 align=center style=background:#e8e8ff | <small>Tomlinson, 2016, lists about 19 species as minor mangrove components, contained in 10 families and 11 genera<ref name=Tomlinson2016 />{{rp|29–30}}<br />Included on green backgrounds are annotations about the genera made by Tomlinson</small>
|-
! Family
! Genus
! Species
! Common name
!
|-
! rowspan=2| [[Euphorbiaceae]]
| colspan=4  style=background:#ddf8f8 | <small>This genus includes about 35 non-mangrove taxa</small>
|-
| ''[[Excoecaria]]''
| ''[[Excoecaria agallocha]]''
| milky mangrove, blind-your-eye mangrove and river poison tree
| [[File:Excoecaria agallocha (Blind Your Eye) W IMG 6929.jpg|60px]]
|-
! rowspan=2| [[Lythraceae]]
| colspan=4  style=background:#ddf8f8 | <small>Genus distinct in the family</small>
|-
| ''[[Pemphis]]''
| ''[[Pemphis acidula]]''
| bantigue or mentigi
| [[File:Pemphis acidula.jpg|60px]]
|-
! rowspan=3| [[Malvaceae]]
| colspan=4  style=background:#ddf8f8 | <small>Formerly in [[Bombacaceae]], now an isolated genus in subfamily Bombacoideeae</small>
|-
| rowspan=2  | ''[[Camptostemon]]''
| ''[[Camptostemon schultzii]]''
| kapok mangrove
| [[File:Camptostemon schultzii.png|60px]]
|-
| ''[[Camptostemon philippinense]]''
|
| [[File:Camptostemon philippinense.jpg|60px]]
|-
! rowspan=3| [[Meliaceae]]
| colspan=4  style=background:#ddf8f8 | <small>Genus of 3 species, one non-mangrove, forms tribe Xylocarpaeae with Carapa, a non–mangrove</small>
|-
| rowspan=2 | ''[[Xylocarpus]]''
| ''[[Xylocarpus granatum]] ''
|
| [[File:Xylocarpus granatum.jpg|60px]]
|-
| ''[[Xylocarpus moluccensis]] ''
|
| [[File:Xyloc moluc 191103-2935 skd.jpg|60px]]
|-
! rowspan=2| [[Myrtaceae]]
| colspan=4  style=background:#ddf8f8 | <small>An isolated genus in the family</small>
|-
| ''[[Osbornia]]''
| ''[[Osbornia octodonta]]''
| mangrove myrtle
| [[File:Osbor octod 110319-13636 sagt.jpg|60px]]
|-
! rowspan=2| [[Pellicieraceae]]
| colspan=4  style=background:#ddf8f8 | <small>Monotypic genus and family of uncertain phylogenetic position</small>
|-
| ''[[Pelliciera]]''
| ''[[Pelliciera rhizophorae]]''
| tea mangrove
| [[File:Pelliciera rhizophorae.jpg|60px]]
|-
! rowspan=3| [[Plumbaginaceae]]
| colspan=4  style=background:#ddf8f8 | <small>Isolated genus, at times segregated as family [[Aegialitidaceae]]</small>
|-
| rowspan=2 | ''[[Aegialitis]]''
| ''[[Aegialitis annulata]]''
| club mangrove
| [[File:Aegialitis annulata 30694138.jpg|60px]]
|-
| ''[[Aegialitis|Aegialitis rotundifolia]]''
|
| [[File:Aegialitis rotundifolia 2.jpg|60px]]
|-
! rowspan=3 | [[Primulaceae]]
| colspan=4  style=background:#ddf8f8 | <small>Formerly an isolated genus in [[Myrsinaceae]]</small>
|-
| rowspan=2 | ''[[Aegiceras]]''
| ''[[Aegiceras corniculatum]] ''
| black mangrove, river mangrove or khalsi
| [[File:Aegiceras corniculatum at Muzhappilangad, Kannur 3.jpg|60px]]
|-
| ''[[Aegiceras floridum]]''
|
|
|-
! rowspan=3 | [[Pteridaceae]]
| colspan=4  style=background:#ddf8f8 | <small>A fern somewhat isolated in its family </small>
|-
! rowspan=2 | ''[[Acrostichum]]''
| ''[[Acrostichum aureum]]''
| golden leather fern, swamp fern or mangrove fern
| [[File:Acrostichum-aureum.jpg|60px]]
|-
| ''[[Acrostichum speciosum]]''
| mangrove fern
| [[File:Acrostichum speciosum RBG Sydney.jpg|60px]]
|-
! rowspan=2| [[Rubiaceae]]
| colspan=4  style=background:#ddf8f8 | <small>A genus isolated in the family</small>
|-
| ''[[Scyphiphora]]''
| ''[[Scyphiphora hydrophylacea]]''
| nilad
| [[File:Scyphip hydrop 111021-19089 kbu.jpg|60px]]
|}