Editing Mandolin (section)

=== Baritone/Bass ===
{{multiple image|caption_align=center|header_align=center
 | align = left

 | image3 =دندنة.jpg
 | width3 = 110
 | alt3 = Algerian mandole
 | caption3 = Algerian mandole (flatback) from the side

| image2 = Laghouto.jpg
 | width2 = 110
 | alt2 = Greek laouta
 | caption2  =19th- and 20th-century laouta

| image1= Redhead Mandocello by Nevin Fahs (luthier) - 1.jpg
 | width1 = 110
 | alt1 = Mandocello
 | caption1  =Neapolitan styled mandocello built to {{convert|26+3/8|in|adj=on}} scale
}}
The [[mandocello]] is classically tuned to an octave plus a fifth below the mandolin, in the same relationship as that of the [[cello]] to the violin, its strings being tuned to C<sub>2</sub>–G<sub>2</sub>–D<sub>3</sub>–A<sub>3</sub>. Its scale length is typically about {{convert|26|in}}. A typical violoncello scale is {{convert|27|in}}.

[[File:Giuseppe branzoli concert rome.jpg|thumb|upright=.5|right|A mandolone played by [[Giuseppe Branzoli]] during a concert in [[Rome]], 1889]]
The [[mandolone]] was a [[Baroque music|Baroque]] member of the mandolin family in the bass range that was surpassed by the mandocello. It was part of the Neapolitan mandolin family.

The Greek ''[[laouto]]'' or ''laghouto'' (long-necked lute) is similar to a mandocello, ordinarily tuned C<sub>3</sub>/C<sub>2</sub>–G<sub>3</sub>/G<sub>2</sub>–D<sub>3</sub>/D<sub>3</sub>–A<sub>3</sub>/A<sub>3</sub> with half of each pair of the lower two courses being tuned an octave high on a lighter gauge string. The body is a staved bowl, the saddle-less bridge glued to the flat face like most ouds and lutes, with mechanical tuners, steel strings, and tied gut frets. Modern laoutos, as played on Crete, have the entire lower course tuned to C<sub>3</sub>, a [[Reentrant tuning|reentrant octave]] above the expected low C. Its scale length is typically about {{convert|28|in}}.

The Algerian ''[[mandole]]'' was developed by an Italian luthier in the early 1930s, scaled up from a mandola until it reached a scale length of approximately 25 to 27 inches.<ref name=bendameche>{{cite web|url= http://abdelkaderbendameche.skyrock.com/3226437593-posted-on-2014-07-25.html|title= Mr Abdelkader Bendamèche répond à l'APS au sujet du mandole (Translation: Mr Abdelkader Bendamèche responds to the APS about the mandola)|last= Bendamèche|first= Abdelkader|date= 25 July 2014|website= abdelkaderbendameche.skyrock.com|access-date= 25 July 2017|quote= ABDELKADER BENDAMECHE President of the National Council Arts and Letters, Algiers, 21 July 2014|archive-date= 29 July 2017|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170729174914/http://abdelkaderbendameche.skyrock.com/3226437593-posted-on-2014-07-25.html|url-status= dead}}</ref> It is a flatback instrument, with a wide neck and 4 courses (8 strings), 5 courses (10 strings) or 6 courses (12 strings), and is used in Algeria and Morocco. The instrument can be tuned as a guitar, [[oud]], or mandocello, depending on the music it will be used to play and player preference. When tuning it as a guitar the strings will be tuned (E<sub>2</sub>) (E<sub>2</sub>) A<sub>2</sub> A<sub>2</sub> D<sub>3</sub> D<sub>3</sub> G<sub>3</sub> G<sub>3</sub> B<sub>3</sub> B<sub>3</sub> (E<sub>4</sub>) (E<sub>4</sub>);<ref name=Richards>{{cite book |last=Richards |first=Tobe A. |title= The Musician's Workbook VI, Fretted Instrument Octave Designation Diagram & Charts|url=https://www.stringsbymail.com/TuningChart.pdf |page=4 |quote=Guitar – Standard Tuning E<sub>2</sub> A<sub>2</sub> D<sub>3</sub> G<sub>3</sub> B<sub>3</sub> E<sub>4</sub>}}</ref> strings in parentheses are dropped for a five- or four-course instrument. Using a common Arabic oud tuning D<sub>2</sub> D<sub>2</sub> G<sub>2</sub> G<sub>2</sub> A<sub>2</sub> A<sub>2</sub> D<sub>3</sub> D<sub>3</sub> (G<sub>3</sub>) (G<sub>3</sub>) (C<sub>4</sub>) (C<sub>4</sub>).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oud.eclipse.co.uk/tuning.html |title=Arab tuning |last= Parfitt|first= David|website= oud.eclipse.co.uk|access-date= 29 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918225902/http://www.oud.eclipse.co.uk/tuning.html|archive-date=18 September 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> For a mandocello tuning using fifths C<sub>2</sub> C<sub>2</sub> G<sub>2</sub> G<sub>2</sub> D<sub>3</sub> D<sub>3</sub> A<sub>3</sub> A<sub>3</sub> (E<sub>4</sub>) (E<sub>4</sub>).<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.thomannmusic.com/thomann_algerian_mondol_10_standard.htm#bewertung|title= Thomann Algerian Mondol 10 Standard|author= <!--Not stated-->|website= thomannmusic.com|access-date= 29 July 2017|quote= tuning: C – G – D – A – E, lower width ca. 35,2cm, body length ca. 54,2cm, total length thomann ca. 104,5cm, height incl. bridge ca. 13cm, height of the sides ca. 10cm, width upper nut ca. 4,4cm, scale length 32,4cm.|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170729123626/https://www.thomannmusic.com/thomann_algerian_mondol_10_standard.htm#bewertung|archive-date= 2017-07-29|url-status=dead}}</ref>