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===Taiwan=== {{main|Taiwanese Mandarin}} Standard Mandarin is one of the official languages of [[Taiwan]]. The Taiwanese standard of Mandarin differs very little from that of mainland China, with differences largely in some technical vocabulary developed from the 1950s onwards.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Yao |first1=Qian |title=Analysis of Computer Terminology Translation Differences between Taiwan and Mainland China |journal=Advanced Materials Research |date=September 2014 |volume=1030-1032 |pages=1650β1652 |doi=10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.1030-1032.1650|s2cid=136508776 }}</ref> While the spoken standard of Taiwanese Mandarin is nearly identical to that of mainland China, the colloquial form has been heavily influenced by other local languages, especially [[Taiwanese Hokkien]]. Notable differences include: the merger of [[retroflex]] sounds (zh, ch, sh, r) with the [[alveolar consonant|alveolar]] series (z, c, s), frequent mergers of the "neutral tone" with a word's original tone, and absence of [[erhua]].{{sfnp|Chen|1999|p=47}} [[Code-switching]] between Mandarin and Taiwanese Hokkien is common, as the majority of the population continues to also speak the latter as a native language.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Chiu |first1=Miao-chin |title=Code-switching and Identity Constructions in Taiwan TV Commercials |journal=Monumenta Taiwanica |date=April 2012 |volume=5 |url=http://rportal.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/bitstream/20.500.12235/12992/1/ntnulib_ja_B0601_0005_027.pdf |access-date=24 May 2020 |archive-date=7 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807182654/http://rportal.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/bitstream/20.500.12235/12992/1/ntnulib_ja_B0601_0005_027.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
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