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Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal
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== Design and construction == [[File:Mbb canal reinforcing walls.jpg|right|thumb|upright|A [[retaining wall]] along the Bury arm]] The canal was originally supplied by the [[River Irwell]] in Bury, at the Weddell Brook tributary. This proved insufficient for local industry and in 1842 [[Elton Reservoir]] at Bury<ref name="waterways">{{Citation | url=http://www.waterways.org.uk/iwa_publications/waterways_magazine| title=Waterways, Issue 214 | page=14 | publisher = The Inland Waterways Association }}</ref> was built to become the canal's principal supply.<ref name="PagetTomlinsonpp148149"/> Although the Bury and Bolton arms are on one level, the Salford arm used seventeen broad locks, including some in staircases (Nob End, for example), to descend {{convert|190|ft|m|0}} over {{convert|8|mi|km|0}} from the [[Route summit|summit]] level to the lowest point at Salford.<ref name="Priestleyp437">{{Harvnb|Priestley|1831|p=437.}}</ref> [[Robert Fulton]] had proposed an [[canal inclined plane|inclined plane]] at Nob End, but this design was rejected.<ref name="Owenp54">{{Harvnb|Owen|1988|p=54.}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Corbett|1974|pp=79–80.}}</ref> The connection with [[Fletcher's Canal]] near Clifton Aqueduct was made by a [[Locks (water transport)#Variations|single lock]]<ref name=Tomlinsonp45/> {{convert|90|ft|m|0}} long by {{convert|21|ft|m|0}} wide, with a drop of {{convert|18|in|cm|0}}.<ref name="Owenp54"/> Although the canal was originally designed to be a narrow canal with narrow locks for boats {{convert|7|ft|m|0}} wide, in 1794 an agreement was reached with the [[Leeds and Liverpool Canal]] company to create a link near Red Moss near [[Horwich]], so broad locks were built to accommodate the {{convert|14|ft|m|0}} wide boats using that canal.<ref name="Priestleyp435"/> This meant removing some of the narrow locks that had already been built.<ref name="Priestleyp437"/> An extension to the original canal feeder was built at Weddell Brook in Bury, alongside the River Irwell. The route of the Leeds and Liverpool Canal was changed, however, and the planned link never materialised. The design changes to the canal were not completely without merit, since they allowed two narrowboats to use each lock simultaneously, saving passage time and water. Much of the Bury arm of the canal runs alongside the River Irwell through the Irwell Valley, and eventually required the construction of huge retaining walls to prevent the canal bank from sliding down the hill.<ref name="Hindlep4"/> Similar strengthening, although on a smaller scale, was required on the Bolton arm where it ran alongside the [[River Croal]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Waterson|1985|p=15.}}</ref> Through these sections the towpath is normally on the side of the canal closest to the river. [[File:Prestolee aqueduct panorama.jpg|left|thumb|Prestolee Aqueduct]] Six aqueducts were required to allow the canal to cross the River Irwell, the [[River Tonge]] and four roads. On the Bolton arm these were Hall Lane Aqueduct, Fogg's Aqueduct and the larger Damside Aqueduct, all of which have since been demolished. Hall Lane Aqueduct was damaged by mining subsidence and replaced in 1884–1885. It was demolished in 1950.<ref>{{Harvnb|Hindle|1998|p=5.}}</ref> The Salford arm flowed over [[Prestolee Aqueduct]], then [[Clifton Aqueduct]], and finally the smaller Lumn's Lane Aqueduct (since demolished). Many bridges were also constructed, along the length of the canal. Most were of small design allowing access to farmland, although many are wide enough for a [[horse and cart]]. In places where the canal crossed important thoroughfares, such as Water Street in [[Radcliffe, Greater Manchester|Radcliffe]], Radcliffe Road in [[Darcy Lever]] and Agecroft Road in [[Pendlebury]], larger bridges were constructed. Cranes were used along the many wharfs on the canal to offload cargo. One of these, a [[steam crane]] at Mount Sion, still exists (albeit in poor condition). At Bury Wharf a traversing steam crane positioned between the two arms of the terminus would offload cargo to be loaded into waiting lorries<ref name="Owen 1988 p=61"/> and a similar system was used at Radcliffe Wharf. === Costs === In 1795 costs of construction were detailed as follows:<ref name="e4418b21"/> {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; border:0; line-height:120%;" |+Money Raised and Expended |- style="background:green;" | style="color:white" | Work done | style="color:white; text-align:center;"| £. | style="color:white; text-align:center;"| S. | style="color:white; text-align:center;"| D. |- | Original Subscription Amounts | style="text-align:right;"| 47,700 | style="text-align:right;"| 0 | style="text-align:right;"| 0 |- | Four calls since of ten per cent | style="text-align:right;"| 19,080 | style="text-align:right;"| 0 | style="text-align:right;"| 0 |- | Interest allowed by the treasurer | style="text-align:right;"| 376 | style="text-align:right;"| 17 | style="text-align:right;"| 5 |- | Sundry Articles sold | style="text-align:right;"| 39 | style="text-align:right;"| 6 | style="text-align:right;"| 10 |- style="background:green;" | style="color:white" | Total | style="color:white; text-align:right;"| 67,196 | style="color:white; text-align:right;"| 4 | style="color:white; text-align:right;"| 3 |- | For obtaining the Act of Parliament, and for subsequent Law Expenses inclusive of Expenses of Meetings | style="text-align:right;"| 1,274 | style="text-align:right;"| 8 | style="text-align:right;"| 5 |- | Purchase of Lands | style="text-align:right;"| 2,586 | style="text-align:right;"| 7 | style="text-align:right;"| 8 |- | Cutting and Banking | style="text-align:right;"| 25,228 | style="text-align:right;"| 18 | style="text-align:right;"| 11 |- | Bricks | style="text-align:right;"| 5,825 | style="text-align:right;"| 3 | style="text-align:right;"| 11¾ |- | Masonry, Lock-Building and Walls | style="text-align:right;"| 8,611 | style="text-align:right;"| 19 | style="text-align:right;"| 1½ |- | Bridges and Aqueducts | style="text-align:right;"| 8,069 | style="text-align:right;"| 19 | style="text-align:right;"| 9½ |- | Timber | style="text-align:right;"| 4,123 | style="text-align:right;"| 3 | style="text-align:right;"| 8 |- | Iron Work | style="text-align:right;"| 548 | style="text-align:right;"| 0 | style="text-align:right;"| 2½ |- | Wages, &c. | style="text-align:right;"| 1,506 | style="text-align:right;"| 15 | style="text-align:right;"| 5½ |- | Damage and Trespasses | style="text-align:right;"| 144 | style="text-align:right;"| 13 | style="text-align:right;"| 9 |- | Team Work | style="text-align:right;"| 2,383 | style="text-align:right;"| 13 | style="text-align:right;"| 1 |- | Carpenters | style="text-align:right;"| 1,506 | style="text-align:right;"| 4 | style="text-align:right;"| 5 |- | Annual Rents | style="text-align:right;"| 419 | style="text-align:right;"| 18 | style="text-align:right;"| 2 |- | Surveys | style="text-align:right;"| 1,256 | style="text-align:right;"| 15 | style="text-align:right;"| 9 |- | Expenses of a Meeting paid by the Treasurer | style="text-align:right;"| 10 | style="text-align:right;"| 18 | style="text-align:right;"| 6 |- | Calls in arrear | style="text-align:right;"| 2,400 | style="text-align:right;"| 0 | style="text-align:right;"| 0 |- | Balance in Treasurer's Hands | style="text-align:right;"| 1,750 | style="text-align:right;"| 8 | style="text-align:right;"| 5 |- style="background:green;" | style="color:white" | Total | style="color:white; text-align:right;"| 67,647 | style="color:white; text-align:right;"| 9 | style="color:white; text-align:right;"| 3¾ |- | Deduct for Cash advanced on the above Payments included in the outstanding Debts | style="text-align:right;"| 451 | style="text-align:right;"| 5 | style="text-align:right;"| 0¾ |- style="color:white; text-align:right; background:green;" || Outstanding || 67,196 || 4 || 3 |} The total cost of construction was £127,700.
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