Editing Madeleine Albright (section)

== Controversies ==
=== Sanctions against Iraq ===
{{Main article|Sanctions against Iraq}}
During the 1990s and 2000s, many surveys and studies concluded that [[Excess mortality|excess deaths]] in Iraq—specifically among children under the age of 5—greatly increased after the implementation of [[sanctions against Iraq]] following the [[Iraqi invasion of Kuwait]] in August 1990.<ref name= IraqWater>{{Cite journal |last1=MacQueen |first1=Graeme |last2=Nagy |first2=Thomas |last3=Santa Barbara |first3=Joanna |last4=Raichle |first4=Claudia |date=2004 |title='Iraq Water Treatment Vulnerabilities': a challenge to public health ethics |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15260175/ |journal=Medicine, Conflict and Survival |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=109–119 |doi=10.1080/1362369042000234708 |issn=1362-3699 |pmid=15260175}}</ref><ref name="Garfield 2000">{{Cite journal |last=Garfield |first=Richard |date=2000-06-01 |title=A multivariate method for estimating mortality rates among children under 5 years from health and social indicators in Iraq |url=https://academic.oup.com/ije/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/ije/29.3.510 |journal=International Journal of Epidemiology |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=510–515 |doi=10.1093/ije/29.3.510|pmid=10869324 }}</ref><ref name="IST">{{Cite journal |last1=Ascherio |first1=Alberto |last2=Chase |first2=Robert |last3=Coté |first3=Tim |last4=Dehaes |first4=Godelieave |last5=Hoskins |first5=Eric |last6=Laaouej |first6=Jilali |last7=Passey |first7=Megan |last8=Qaderi |first8=Saleh |last9=Shuqaidef |first9=Saher |last10=Smith |first10=Mary C. |last11=Zaidi |first11=Sarah |date=1992-09-24 |title=Effect of the Gulf War on Infant and Child Mortality in Iraq |url=http://www.nejm.org/doi/abs/10.1056/NEJM199209243271306 |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |language=en |volume=327 |issue=13 |pages=931–936 |doi=10.1056/NEJM199209243271306 |pmid=1513350 |issn=0028-4793}}</ref> On the other hand, several later surveys conducted during the U.S.-led [[Occupation of Iraq (2003–2011)|occupation of Iraq]] (2003–2011) "all put the U5MR in Iraq during 1995–2000 in the vicinity of 40 per 1000," suggesting that "there was no major rise in child mortality in Iraq after 1990 and during the period of the sanctions."<ref name="Dyson & Cetorelli 2017">{{Cite journal |last1=Dyson |first1=Tim |last2=Cetorelli |first2=Valeria |date=2017-07-01 |title=Changing views on child mortality and economic sanctions in Iraq: a history of lies, damned lies and statistics |journal=BMJ Global Health |language=en |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=e000311 |doi=10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000311 |issn=2059-7908 |pmc=5717930 |pmid=29225933}}</ref>

On May 12, 1996, then-ambassador Albright defended the sanctions on a ''[[60 Minutes]]'' segment in which [[Lesley Stahl]] asked her, "We have heard that half a million children have died. I mean, that's more children than died in [[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|Hiroshima]]. And, you know, is the price worth it?" and Albright replied, "We think the price is worth it."<ref name="MandA">{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/mightyalmie00albr |title=The Mighty and the Almighty: Reflections on America, God, and World Affairs |publisher=[[HarperCollins]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-06-089258-6 |quote=the price, we think, the price is worth it. |access-date=September 9, 2010}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> The segment won an [[Emmy Award]].<ref name="Spagat">{{cite journal
|url=http://personal.rhul.ac.uk/uhte/014/Truth%20and%20Death.pdf
|title=Truth and death in Iraq under sanctions
|first=Michael
|last=Spagat
|date=September 2010
|journal=[[Significance (journal)|Significance]]
|volume=7
|issue=3
|pages=116–120
|doi=10.1111/j.1740-9713.2010.00437.x
|s2cid=154415183
|access-date=October 6, 2010
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711190050/http://personal.rhul.ac.uk/uhte/014/Truth%20and%20Death.pdf
|archive-date=July 11, 2018
|url-status=dead
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/1998/07/09/60minutes/bios/main13546.shtml |title=Lesley Stahl |access-date=June 5, 2011 |year=1998 |publisher=[[CBS News]] |archive-date=May 25, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525034336/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/1998/07/09/60minutes/bios/main13546.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> Albright later criticized Stahl's segment as "amount[ing] to Iraqi propaganda", saying that her question was a [[loaded question]].<ref name="Rosen2002">{{cite news |last=Rosen |first=Mike |author-link=Mike Rosen |date=March 15, 2002 |title=U.S., U.N. not to blame for deaths of Iraqis |newspaper=[[Rocky Mountain News]] |url=http://www.rockymountainnews.com/drmn/news_columnists/article/0,1299,DRMN_86_1028937,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020414184813/http://www.rockymountainnews.com/drmn/news_columnists/article/0%2C1299%2CDRMN_86_1028937%2C00.html |archive-date=April 14, 2002}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |year=2002 |title=Albright's Blunder |url=http://orangecoyote.blogspot.com/2006/07/albrights-blunder.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030603215848/http://www.irvinereview.org/guest1.htm |archive-date=June 3, 2003 |access-date=January 4, 2008 |publisher=[[Irvine Review]]}}</ref> She wrote, "I had fallen into a trap and said something I did not mean",{{sfn|Albright|2003|pp=274, 275}} and that she regretted coming "across as cold-blooded and cruel".<ref name="MandA" /> She apologized for her remarks in a 2020 interview with ''[[The New York Times]]'', calling them "totally stupid".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Marchese |first=David |date=April 20, 2020 |title=Madeleine Albright Thinks It's Good When America Gets Involved |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/04/20/magazine/madeline-albright-interview.html |access-date=March 24, 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=August 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820021455/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/04/20/magazine/madeline-albright-interview.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Albright addressed the controversy in her 2020 memoir, acknowledging that her answer was "a mistake" and "that UN sanctions contributed to hardships in Iraq," but also noting that "the producers of ''60 Minutes'' were duped. Subsequent research has shown that Iraqi propagandists deceived international observers," citing a 2017 article in ''[[The BMJ]]''.<ref>{{cite book|last=Albright|first=Madeleine|title=Hell and Other Destinations: A 21st-Century Memoir|chapter=Advise and Dissent|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|year=2020|isbn=978-0-06-280228-6}}</ref>

=== Art ownership lawsuit ===
{{external media| float = right|width=230px| video1 = [https://www.c-span.org/video/?123332-1/madeleine-albright Presentation by Michael Dobbs on ''Madeleine Albright: A Twentieth-Century Odyssey'', May 14, 1999], [[C-SPAN]]}} 
Following ''[[The Washington Post]]''{{'}}s profile of Albright by [[Michael Dobbs (journalist)|Michael Dobbs]], an Austrian man named Philipp Harmer launched legal action against Albright, claiming her father had illegally taken possession of artwork that belonged to his great-grandfather, Karl Nebrich.<ref name="The Prague Post">{{cite web
 |first      = Suzanne
 |last      = Smalley
 |url         = http://www.praguepost.cz/archivescontent/31921-germans-lost-their-art-too.html
 |title       = Germans lost their art, too: Family says Albright's father took paintings
 |work   = [[The Prague Post]]
 |date        = May 17, 2000
|access-date  = March 12, 2010
|url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20140714202550/http://www.praguepost.cz/archivescontent/31921-germans-lost-their-art-too.html
 |archive-date = July 14, 2014
}}</ref> Nebrich, a German-speaking Prague industrialist, abandoned some of the possessions in his apartment when ethnic Germans were expelled from the country after [[World War II]] under the [[Beneš decrees]]. His apartment, at 11 Hradčanská Street in Prague, was subsequently given to Korbel and his family. Harmer alleged that Korbel stole his great-grandfather's artwork. Counsel for Albright's family stated that Harmer's claim was unfounded.<ref name="The Prague Post" />

=== Allegations of hate speech against Serbs and war profiteering ===
[[File:Palác Luxor 05.JPG|thumb|upright|Location of the Prague incident]]

In late October 2012, during a book signing in the Prague bookstore Palác Knih Luxor, Albright was visited by a group of activists from the Czech organization Přátelé Srbů na Kosovu (Friends of [[Serbs in Kosovo]]). She was filmed saying, "Disgusting Serbs, get out!" to the Czech group, which had brought war photos to the signing, some of which showed Serbian victims of the NATO bombing campaign in Serbia in 1999. The protesters were expelled from the event when police arrived. Two videos of the incident were later posted by the group on their YouTube channel.<ref>{{cite video
 | people = Pratele Srbu na Kosovu
 | year = 2012
 | title = Madeleine Albright in Prague: 'Disgusting Serbs!'
 | url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1FaPuBUY558
 | language = cs
 | publisher = YouTube: pratelesrbunakosovu
 | location = Prague, Palác Knih Luxor
 | access-date = October 28, 2012
| time = 1:00
}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine
 | url        = https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/10/madeleine-albrights-scrap-with-pro-serbian-activists-in-a-prague-bookstore/264245/
 | title        = Madeleine Albright's scrap with pro-Serbian activists
 | date        = October 29, 2012
| magazine        = The Atlantic
 | access-date        = March 8, 2017
| archive-date        = October 12, 2017
| archive-url        = https://web.archive.org/web/20171012100333/https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/10/madeleine-albrights-scrap-with-pro-serbian-activists-in-a-prague-bookstore/264245/
 | url-status        = live
 }}</ref> Filmmaker [[Emir Kusturica]] expressed thanks to Czech director Václav Dvořák for organizing and participating in the demonstration. Together with other protesters, Dvořák also reported Albright to the police, stating that she was spreading [[ethnic hatred]] and disrespect to the victims of the war.<ref>{{cite video
 | year = 2012
 | title = Emir Kusturica i Vaclav Dvorak
 | url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HDX00BN3Q0Y
 | language = cs
 | publisher = YouTube: sigor108
 | location = Prague
 | access-date = November 15, 2012
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
 |url          = http://zpravy.idnes.cz/pravni-kroky-kvuli-potycce-na-autogramiade-albrightove-pj5-/domaci.aspx?c=A121113_102523_domaci_jw
 |title        = Aktivisté dali trestní oznámení na Albrightovou kvůli "odporným Srbům"
 |first        = Jan
 |last         = Wirnitzer
 |language     = cs
 |date         = November 13, 2012
|work    = Mladá fronta DNES
 |access-date  = November 15, 2012
|archive-date = December 23, 2015
|archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20151223070035/http://zpravy.idnes.cz/pravni-kroky-kvuli-potycce-na-autogramiade-albrightove-pj5-/domaci.aspx?c=A121113_102523_domaci_jw
 |url-status   = live
}}</ref>

Albright's involvement in the bombing of Serbia was the main cause of the demonstration – a sensitive topic which became even more controversial when it was revealed that in 2012 her investment firm, Albright Capital Management, was preparing to bid in the proposed [[Economy of Kosovo#Foreign direct investment|privatization]] of Kosovo's state-owned telecom and postal company, [[Post and Telecom of Kosovo]]. In an article published by the New York City-based magazine ''[[Bloomberg Businessweek]]'', it was estimated that the deal could be as large as €600&nbsp;million. Serbia opposed the sale, and intended to file a lawsuit to block it, alleging that the rights of former Serbian employees were not respected.<ref>{{cite magazine
 | url      = http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-08-30/albright-firm-eyes-kosovos-contested-state-telecom
 | title      = Albright firm eyes Kosovo's contested state telecom
 | first      = Carol
 | last      = Matlack
 | date      = August 30, 2012
| magazine      = Bloomberg BusinessWeek
 | access-date      = November 2, 2012
| archive-date      = October 26, 2012
| archive-url      = https://web.archive.org/web/20121026172446/http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-08-30/albright-firm-eyes-kosovos-contested-state-telecom
 | url-status      = dead
 }}</ref> The bid never happened and was withdrawn by her investment fund.<ref>{{cite web
 |url          = https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/11/world/europe/ex-us-official-pulls-bid-for-kosovo-telecom-stake.html
 |title        = Ex-U.S. Official Pulls Bid for Kosovo Telecom Stake
 |first        = Matthew
 |last         = Brunwasser
 |date         = January 10, 2013
|work         = The New York Times
 |access-date  = March 23, 2022
|archive-date = March 3, 2022
|archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20220303092506/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/11/world/europe/ex-us-official-pulls-bid-for-kosovo-telecom-stake.html
 |url-status   = live
}}</ref>

=== Hillary Clinton campaign comment ===
Albright supported Hillary Clinton during her [[Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign|2016 presidential campaign]]. While introducing Clinton at a campaign event in New Hampshire ahead of [[2016 New Hampshire Democratic presidential primary|that state's primary]], Albright said, "There's a special place in hell for women who don't help each other" (a phrase Albright had used on several previous occasions in other contexts).<ref name="My Undiplomatic Moment" /> The remark was seen as a rebuke of younger women who supported Clinton's [[Partisan primary|primary]] rival, Senator [[Bernie Sanders]], which many women found "startling and offensive".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rappeport|first=Alan|date=February 7, 2016|title=Gloria Steinem and Madeleine Albright Rebuke Young Women Backing Bernie Sanders|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/08/us/politics/gloria-steinem-madeleine-albright-hillary-clinton-bernie-sanders.html|access-date=March 24, 2022|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=March 5, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305170020/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/08/us/politics/gloria-steinem-madeleine-albright-hillary-clinton-bernie-sanders.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In a ''[[New York Times]]'' [[op-ed]] published several days after the remark, Albright said: "I absolutely believe what I said, that women should help one another, but this was the wrong context and the wrong time to use that line. I did not mean to argue that women should support a particular candidate based solely on gender."<ref name="My Undiplomatic Moment">{{cite news |last1=Albright |first1=Madeleine |title=My Undiplomatic Moment |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/13/opinion/madeleine-albright-my-undiplomatic-moment.html |access-date=October 29, 2018 |work=The New York Times |date=February 12, 2016 |archive-date=October 29, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181029071608/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/13/opinion/madeleine-albright-my-undiplomatic-moment.html |url-status=live }}</ref>