Editing Lubricant (section)

=== Biolubricant ===
Biolubricants<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Duan |first1=Zhenjing |last2=Li |first2=Changhe |last3=Zhang |first3=Yanbin |last4=Yang |first4=Min |last5=Gao |first5=Teng |last6=Liu |first6=Xin |last7=Li |first7=Runze |last8=Said |first8=Zafar |last9=Debnath |first9=Sujan |last10=Sharma |first10=Shubham |date=2023-02-20 |title=Mechanical behavior and semiempirical force model of aerospace aluminum alloy milling using nano biological lubricant |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s11465-022-0720-4 |journal=Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering |language=en |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=4 |doi=10.1007/s11465-022-0720-4 |bibcode=2023FrME...18....4D |issn=2095-0241}}</ref> are derived from vegetable oils and other renewable sources. They usually are [[triglyceride]] esters (fats obtained from plants and animals). For lubricant base oil use, the vegetable derived materials are preferred. Common ones include high oleic [[canola oil]], [[castor oil]], [[palm oil]], [[sunflower seed oil]] and [[rapeseed oil]] from vegetable, and [[tall oil]] from tree sources. Many vegetable oils are often hydrolyzed to yield the acids which are subsequently combined selectively to form specialist synthetic esters. Other naturally derived lubricants include [[lanolin]] (wool grease, a natural water repellent).<ref>{{cite journal|title=Biolubricants: raw materials, chemical modifications and environmental benefits|author1=Salimon, Jumat|author2=Salih, Nadia|author3=Yousif, Emad
|journal=European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology|year=2010|volume=112|issue=5|pages=519–530|doi=10.1002/ejlt.200900205}}</ref>

[[Whale oil]] was a historically important lubricant, with some uses up to the latter part of the 20th century as a friction modifier [[oil additive|additive]] for [[automatic transmission fluid]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=buwQ8a2RCUcC&q=whale+oil+dexron&pg=PA20 |page=20|title=The Turbo Hydra-Matic 350 Handbook|isbn=9780895860514|last1=Sessions|first1=Ron|year=1985|publisher=Penguin }}</ref>

In 2008, the biolubricant market was around 1% of UK lubricant sales in a total lubricant market of 840,000 tonnes/year.<ref>[[National Non-Food Crops Centre]]. [http://www.nnfcc.co.uk/publications/nnfcc-conference-poster-improved-winter-rape-varieties-for-biolubricants NNFCC Conference Poster. Improved winter rape varieties for biolubricants] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204193558/http://www.nnfcc.co.uk/publications/nnfcc-conference-poster-improved-winter-rape-varieties-for-biolubricants |date=4 February 2015 }}</ref>

{{as of|2020}}, researchers at Australia's [[CSIRO]] have been studying [[safflower]] oil as an engine lubricant, finding superior performance and lower emissions than [[petroleum]]-based lubricants in applications such as [[engine]]-driven [[lawn mower]]s, [[chainsaw]]s and other agricultural equipment. [[Grain]]-growers trialling the product have welcomed the innovation, with one describing it as needing very little refining, [[biodegradable]], a [[bioenergy]] and [[biofuel]]. The scientists have reengineered the plant using [[gene silencing]], creating a variety that produces up to 93% of oil, the highest currently available from any plant. Researchers at [[Montana State University]]’s Advanced Fuel Centre in the US studying the oil’s performance in a large [[diesel engine]], comparing it with conventional oil, have described the results as a "game-changer".<ref>{{cite web | title=Safflower oil hailed by scientists as possible recyclable, biodegradable replacement for petroleum | website=ABC News | series=Landline | publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation | first=Tim | last=Lee | date=7 June 2020 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-06-07/safflower-oil-new-biofuel-to-replace-petroleum/12321028 | access-date=7 June 2020 | archive-date=7 June 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607012058/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-06-07/safflower-oil-new-biofuel-to-replace-petroleum/12321028 | url-status=live }}</ref>