Editing Louisiana Purchase Exposition (section)

===Buildings===
[[File:Map or "Ground Plan" in 1904, from- The Piker and World's fair guide ... an accurate account of the exposition, preliminary programme, Olympic games and world's championship contests .. (IA pikerworldsfairg00elli) (page 4 crop).jpg|thumb|Map or "Ground Plan" in 1904]]

With more and more people interested in the city, St. Louis government and architects were primarily concerned with their ports and access to the city. The city originating as a trading post, transportation by water was important. It was becoming even more important that the port be open, but efficient for all visitors. It also needed to show off some of the city's flair and excitement, which is why in many photographs one sees photos of St. Louis' skyscrapers in the background. In addition to a functioning port, the [[Eads Bridge]] was constructed, which was considered one of St. Louis' "sights". At {{Convert|1,627|ft}} long, it connected Missouri and Illinois, and was the first large-scale application of steel as a structural material.<ref name="St. Louis and the World's fair"/> [[File:Louisiana Purchase Exposition East Lagoon.jpg|thumb|left|East Lagoon, statue of Saint Louis, Palaces of Education and Manufacture, and wireless telegraph tower.]]

As with the [[World's Columbian Exposition]] in [[Chicago]] in 1893, all but one of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition's grand, neo-Classical exhibition palaces were temporary structures, designed to last but a year or two. They were built with a material called "[[Staff (building material)|staff]]", a mixture of [[plaster|plaster of Paris]] and [[hemp]] fibers, on a wood frame. As at the Chicago World's Fair, buildings and statues deteriorated during the months of the Fair and had to be patched.{{Citation needed|date = April 2018}}

[[File:1904 World's Fair Administration Building (Brookings Hall, Washington University) seen from the southeast with the Italian Pavilion in the foreground.jpg|thumb|[[Brookings Hall]] (1902) [[Washington University in St. Louis]]]]

The Administration Building, designed by [[Cope & Stewardson]], is now [[Brookings Hall]], the defining landmark on the campus of [[Washington University in St. Louis|Washington University]]. A similar building was erected at [[Northwest Missouri State University]] founded in 1905 in [[Maryville, Missouri]]. The grounds' layout was also recreated in Maryville and now is designated as the official Missouri State Arboretum.{{Citation needed|date = April 2018}}

The Palace of Fine Art, designed by architect [[Cass Gilbert]], featured a grand interior sculpture court based on the Roman [[Baths of Caracalla]]. Standing at the top of Art Hill, it now serves as the home of the [[Saint Louis Art Museum|St. Louis Art Museum]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Architecture |url=https://www.slam.org/architecture/ |access-date=November 28, 2022 |website=Saint Louis Art Museum |language=en-US}}</ref>

[[File:1904 Flight Cage.JPG|thumb|left|200px|Flight Cage ([[Aviary]])]]

The huge bird cage at the [[Saint Louis Zoological Park]], dates to the fair. A [[St. Louis Jain temple|Jain temple]] carved out of teak stood within the Indian Pavilion near the [[Ferris Wheel (1893)|Ferris Wheel]]. It was dismantled after the exhibition and was reconstructed in Las Vegas at the [[Castaways (casino)|Castaways]] hotel. It has recently been reassembled and is now on display at the [[Jain Center of Southern California]] at Los Angeles. [[Birmingham, Alabama]]'s iconic [[cast iron]] [[Vulcan statue]] was first exhibited at the Fair in the Palace of Mines and Metallurgy.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vulcan's Story |url=http://visitvulcan.com/about/vulcans-story/ |publisher=Vulcan Park & Museum: Birmingham, AL |access-date=August 8, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808203129/http://visitvulcan.com/about/vulcans-story/ |archive-date=August 8, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Additionally, a plaster reproduction of [[Alma Mater (New York sculpture)|''Alma Mater'']] at [[Columbia University]] by [[Daniel Chester French]] was displayed at the Grand Sculpture Court of the exhibition.<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite news |title=Statue Borrowed in '04 Uncovered at Columbia| work=The New York Times |url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1950/02/22/113142089.html?pageNumber=18 |access-date=December 20, 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

The Missouri State building was the largest of the state buildings, as Missouri was the host state. Though it had sections with marble floors and heating and air conditioning, it was planned to be a temporary structure. However, it burned the night of November 18–19, just eleven days before the Fair was to end. Most interior contents were destroyed, but furniture and much of the Model Library were undamaged. The fair being almost over, the building was not rebuilt. In 1909–10, the current World's Fair Pavilion in Forest Park was built on the site of the Missouri building with profits from the fair.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Francis |first1=David |title=The Universal Exposition of 1904 |year=1913 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rpUhAQAAMAAJ}}</ref>

[[File:ConsoleOrgueWanamaker.jpg|thumb|left|200px|The organ's present six–[[manual (music)|manual]] console, installed in 1928.]]

Festival Hall, designed by [[Cass Gilbert]] and used for large-scale musical pageants, contained the largest [[organ (music)|organ]] in the world at the time, built by the [[Los Angeles Art Organ Company]] (which went bankrupt as a result). The great organ was debuted by the fair's official organist, [[Charles Henry Galloway]]. Though the opening concert was scheduled for the first day of the fair, complications related to its construction resulted in the opening concert being postponed until June 9. After the fair, the organ was placed into storage, and eventually purchased by [[John Wanamaker]] for his new [[Wanamaker's]] store in [[Philadelphia]] where it was tripled in size and became known as the [[Wanamaker Organ]]. The famous Bronze Eagle in the Wanamaker Store also came from the Fair. It features hundreds of hand-forged bronze feathers and was the centerpiece of one of the many German exhibits. [[Wanamaker's]] became a [[Lord & Taylor]] store and more recently, a [[Macy's]] store.<ref>https://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/essays/department-stores/ . Retrieved December 3, 2022.</ref>

[[File:04Creation.JPG|thumb|right|Entrance to the exhibit "Creation" on the Pike, a spectacle portraying the first six days in the [[Book of Genesis]]. This exhibit was dismantled and moved to [[Coney Island]]'s [[Dreamland (Coney Island, 1904)|Dreamland amusement park]] at the end of the fair.<ref>Michael Immerso, Coney Island: The People's Playground, Rutgers University Press, 2002, page 73</ref>]]

Completed in 1913, the Jefferson Memorial building was built near the main entrance to the Exposition, at Lindell and DeBalivere. It was built with proceeds from the fair, to commemorate [[Thomas Jefferson]], who initiated the Louisiana Purchase, as was the first memorial to the third President. It became the headquarters of the [[Missouri History Museum]], and stored the Exposition's records and archives when the Louisiana Purchase Exposition company completed its mission. The building is now home to the Missouri History Museum, and the museum was significantly expanded in 2002–3.{{Citation needed|date = April 2018}}

The [[Maine|State of Maine Building]], which was a rustic cabin, was transported to [[Point Lookout, Missouri]] where it overlooked the [[White River (Arkansas)|White River]] by sportsmen who formed the Maine Hunting and Fishing Club. In 1915, when the main building at the [[College of the Ozarks]] in [[Forsyth, Missouri]] burned, the school relocated to Point Lookout, where the Maine building was renamed the Dobyns Building in honor of a school president. The Dobyns Building burned in 1930 and the college's signature church was built in its place. In 2004, a replica of the Maine building was built on the campus. The Keeter Center is named for another school president.

The [[observation tower]] erected by the [[Lee de Forest#American De Forest Wireless Telegraph Company|American DeForest Wireless Telegraph Company]] was brought to the Fair when it became a hazard near Niagara Falls and needed to be removed because in the wintertime, ice from the fall's mist would form on the steel structure, and eventually fall onto the buildings below. It served as a communications platform for Lee DeForest's work in wireless telegraphy and a platform to view the fair. As Niagara Falls was near Buffalo New York, it was also called the Buffalo Tower<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://earlyradiohistory.us/1904df.htm|title=De Forest Wireless Telegraphy Tower: Bulletin #1 (1904)|website=earlyradiohistory.us|access-date=September 9, 2018}}</ref> After the World's Fair, it was moved to Creve Coeur Lake to be part of that park.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stlouisco.com/Portals/8/docs/Document%20Library/parks/PDFs/ParkHistory/CreveCoeurHistory.pdf|title=Creve Coeur Park History|last=Truax|first=Mike|date=2010|website=St. Louis County, MO|access-date=October 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604161444/https://www.stlouisco.com/Portals/8/docs/Document%20Library/parks/PDFs/ParkHistory/CreveCoeurHistory.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 4, 2020}}</ref>

[[File:Swedish Pavilion - Lindsborg KS.jpg|thumb|The 1904 World's Fair Swedish Pavilion is located in Lindsborg, Kansas at the Lindsborg Old Mill & Swedish Heritage Museum.]]

The [[Swedish Pavilion]] is still preserved in [[Lindsborg, Kansas]]. Designed by Swedish architect [[Ferdinand Boberg]], it is the only one of his international exposition buildings in existence today.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exhibits – Lindsborg Old Mill & Swedish Heritage Museum |url=https://www.oldmillmuseum.org/exhibits/ |access-date=September 7, 2023}}</ref> After the fair, the Pavilion was moved to [[Bethany College (Kansas)|Bethany College]] in Lindsborg, where it was used for classroom, library, museum and department facilities for the art department. In 1969, it was moved to the [[Smoky Valley Roller Mills|Lindsborg Old Mill & Swedish Heritage Museum]] where it serves as a venue for community events. The Pavilion was added to the [[National Historic Register]] in 1973.

[[Westinghouse Electric (1886)|Westinghouse Electric]] sponsored the Westinghouse Auditorium, where they showed films of Westinghouse factories and products.<ref name="WDL">{{cite web|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/9565/|title=Steam Hammer, Westinghouse Works, 1904|website=[[World Digital Library]] |date=May 1904|access-date=July 28, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014134512/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/9565/|archive-date=October 14, 2013}}</ref>

Some mansions from the Exposition's era survive along Lindell Boulevard at the north border of Forest Park.{{cn|date=February 2024}}