Editing Louis XII (section)

===Legacy===
Under Louis's reign, the province of Brittany finally became a de facto permanent province of France – although this was not legally completed until 1547.{{sfn|Baumgartner|1996|p=246}} At the end of his reign, the [[budget deficit]] of the crown was no greater than it had been when he succeeded Charles VIII in 1498, despite several expensive military campaigns in Italy. His fiscal reforms of 1504 and 1508 tightened and improved procedures for the collection of taxes.

In spite of his military and diplomatic failures, Louis proved to be a popular king. Historians often attribute Louis's popularity to his tax reduction policies.{{sfn|Baumgartner|1996|p=246}} While Francis I eventually raised taxes, Louis's [[redaction]] of law codes and the creation of new [[parlement]]s were longer-lasting. He duly earned the title of ''Father of the People'' ("''Le Père du Peuple''") conferred upon him by the Estates in 1506. This was the first and only time that a French king was bestowed the specific [[honorific]] of ''Father of the People''.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Scheller|first=Robert|date=1983|title=Ensigns of Authority: French Royal Symbolism in the Age of Louis XII|journal=Simiolus: Netherlands Quarterly for the History of Art|volume=13|issue=2 |pages=95|doi=10.2307/3780504 |jstor=3780504 }}</ref>