Editing Louis Armstrong (section)

===Work during hard times===
[[File:Maud Cuney Hare-154-Louis Armstrong.jpg|thumb|Armstrong in 1936]]
The [[Great Depression]] of the early 1930s was especially hard on the jazz scene. After a long downward spiral, the Cotton Club closed in 1936, and many musicians stopped playing altogether as club dates evaporated. [[Bix Beiderbecke]] died, and Fletcher Henderson's band broke up. King Oliver made a few records but otherwise struggled. [[Sidney Bechet]] became a tailor, later moving to Paris, and Kid Ory returned to New Orleans and raised chickens.<ref>Bergreen (1997), p. 320.</ref>

Armstrong moved to Los Angeles in 1930 to seek new opportunities. He played at the New Cotton Club in Los Angeles with [[Lionel Hampton]] on drums. The band drew the Hollywood crowd, which could still afford a lavish nightlife, while radio broadcasts from the club connected with younger audiences at home. Bing Crosby and many other celebrities were regulars at the club. In 1931, Armstrong appeared in his first movie, ''Ex-Flame''. He was also convicted of marijuana possession but received a suspended sentence.<ref>Collier (1985), pp. 221–222.</ref>

Armstrong returned to Chicago in late 1931 and played in bands more in the [[Guy Lombardo]] vein, and he recorded more standards. When the mob insisted that he get out of town,<ref name="ArmstrongInThe30s">{{cite web|title=Louis Armstrong in the 30s|url=http://riverwalkjazz.stanford.edu/program/louis-armstrong-30s-tribute-life-and-music-armstrong-30s|website=riverwalkjazz.stanford.edu|access-date=May 5, 2015|archive-date=March 26, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130326032953/http://riverwalkjazz.stanford.edu/program/louis-armstrong-30s-tribute-life-and-music-armstrong-30s|url-status=live}}</ref> Armstrong visited New Orleans, had a hero's welcome, and saw old friends. He sponsored a local baseball team called Armstrong's Secret Nine and had a cigar named after him.<ref>Bergreen (1997), p. 344.</ref> However, Armstrong was on the road again soon. After a tour across the country shadowed by the mob, he fled to Europe.

After returning to the United States, Armstrong undertook several exhausting tours. His agent, Johnny Collins's erratic behavior and his own spending ways left Armstrong short of cash. Breach of contract violations plagued him. Armstrong hired [[Joe Glaser]] as his new manager, a tough mob-connected wheeler-dealer who began straightening out his legal mess, mob troubles, and debts. Armstrong also began to experience problems with his fingers and lips, aggravated by his unorthodox playing style. As a result, Armstrong branched out, developing his vocal style and making his first theatrical appearances. Armstrong appeared in movies again, including Crosby's 1936 hit ''[[Pennies from Heaven (1936 film)|Pennies from Heaven]]''. In 1937, Armstrong substituted for [[Rudy Vallee]] on the CBS radio network and became the first African American to host a sponsored national broadcast.<ref>Bergreen (1997), p. 385.</ref>