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List of presidents of Colombia
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===Granadine Confederation (1858–1863)=== This list includes those persons who were sworn into, succeeded to, or forcibly took office as President of the [[Granadine Confederation]] following the passing of the [[Granadine Confederation#Constitution of 1858|Colombian Constitution of 1858]], which took effect on 22 May 1858. The Constitution of 1858 abolished the Office of the Vice Presidency. The line of succession was modified by the introduction of the figures of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd [[Presidential Designate]]s, who were elected annually by Congress amongst its members, but held no office or duties other than providing a succession to the presidency in the event of the president's temporal or permanent absence. There were only 3 people in office who served a presidency each. [[Mariano Ospina Rodríguez]] initially took office in 1857 as the 8th and last president of the [[Republic of New Granada]]. In 1861 [[Julio Arboleda Pombo]] became the first person to be elected President of the Granadine Confederation under the new [[electoral college]] system set up by the new constitution, however during this time the country was going through a [[Colombian Civil War (1860–1862)|civil war]] and Congress was closed down. Furthermore, according to the new constitution the president had to take office before Congress; since this couldn't happen, Pombo could not take office and did not become the president. When Ospina's term ended on 1 April 1861, with no congress to swear in the elected president, the power would have been transferred to one of the Presidential Designates, however with Congress closed down no designates were elected for that year, and with no designates to succeed Ospina, the presidency was handed out to the next person in the line of succession which was the [[Office of the Inspector General of Colombia|Inspector General]], [[Bartolomé Calvo Díaz]]. Calvo's presidential tenure was short; within three months of holding the post, General [[Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera y Arboleda]], leader of the Liberal forces, marched into Bogotá deposing Calvo in a ''[[coup d'état]]''. Giving the great animosity between [[Colombian Conservative Party|Conservatives]] and [[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberals]] at the time of the 1860-62 civil war, another thing that marked this period in regards to the presidency was that there were multiple attempts to undermine the government in power by laying claims on the presidency using various arguments. The first one of these was the Liberal General [[Juan José Nieto Gil]], who claimed the presidency by disregarding the legitimacy of Ospina and claiming power in virtue of being the second presidential designate; he finally ceded power to his fellow Liberal General, Mosquera, when he took power in Bogotá. Mosquera had also claimants to the presidency in opposition to him. Julio Arboleda Pombo who was elected president but could not take office was appointed inspector general by President Calvo when he was in power, thus when Mosquera captured him, Arboleda claimed the presidency as the next in theline of succession to Calvo, even though that by this time the government and city had fallen, and the Conservative administration had fled the capital. After Arboleda was also captured by Mosquera a few days after Calvo was taken prisoner, the Secretary of Finance, [[Ignacio Gutierrez Vergara]], succeeded Arboleda to the claimed presidency as next in the line of succession being the oldest government secretary of the previous administration. When Gutiérrez was captured by Mosquera, the next in line of succession by age was the Secretary of Government and War, General [[:es:Leonardo Canal|Leonardo Canal González]]. As pretender to presidency, he moved the capital of the nation to [[Pasto (Colombia)|Pasto]], where he led the Conservative Government in exile. In 1862 Canal left to fight the Liberal forces and left [[Manuel del Río y de Narváez]], his Secretary of Government and War, as acting president of the government-in-exile. This struggle for power all came to an end in 1863 when del Río finally capitulated to Mosquera presenting the surrender of the government-in-exile and recognising the presidency of Mosquera bringing the civil war to an end. ;; Political parties {{legend|{{party colour|Colombian Conservative Party}}|[[Colombian Conservative Party|Conservative]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}}|[[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- ! colspan="11" | [[File:Flag of New Granada.svg|30px]] • [[Granadine Confederation]] • [[File:Coat of arms of New Granada.svg|30px]] |- ! No.<br /><ref group="n" name="num"/> ! Portrait ! Name<br />{{small|(Birth–Death)}} ! Elected ! Took office ! Left office !'''Time in office''' ! Political party ! [[Vice President of Colombia|Vice President]] ! Acting presidents<ref group="n" name="interim"/> ! Acting in Rebellion |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Conservative Party}};" | {{color|white|1}} | [[File:Presidente Mariano Ospina Rodríguez.png|136x136px]] | [[Mariano Ospina Rodríguez|Mariano<br />Ospina Rodríguez]]<br /><small>(1805–1885)</small><br /><ref name=ospina/> | [[1857 Colombian presidential election|1857]] | 1 April 1857 | 1 April 1861 |4 years | [[Colombian Conservative Party|Conservative]] |bgcolor=#aaaaaa| <ref group="n" name="vicepresident2"/> | bgcolor=#aaaaaa | | rowspan=2|<small>[[Juan José Nieto Gil]]<br />(25 January 1861–18 July 1861)</small> |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Conservative Party}};" | {{color|white|2}} | [[File:Bartolomé Calvo.jpg|136x136px]] | [[Bartolomé Calvo|Bartolomé<br />Calvo Díaz]]<br /><small>(1815–1889)</small><br /><ref>{{cite web |title=Biography of Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020132841/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/cg_17.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/cg_17.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref> | [[1861 Colombian presidential election|1861]] | 1 April 1861 | 18 July 1861 |{{Age in years and days|1861|April|1|1861|July|18}} | [[Colombian Conservative Party|Conservative]] |bgcolor=#aaaaaa| <ref group="n" name="vicepresident2"/> | bgcolor=#aaaaaa| |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}};" | {{color|white|3}} |[[File:Juan José Nieto Gil Oleo.jpg|136x136px]] |[[Juan José Nieto Gil]] (1804–1866) |— |25 January 1861 |18 July 1861 |{{Age in years and days|1861|January|25|1861|July|18}} |[[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]] | colspan="2" | | |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}};" | {{color|white|4}} | [[File:Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera 2.JPG|139x139px]] | [[Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera|Tomás Cipriano<br />de Mosquera y Arboleda]]<br /><small>(1798–1878)</small><br /><ref name="mosquera" /> |— | 18 July 1861<br /><ref group="n" name="coup" /> | 4 February 1863 |{{Age in years and days|1861|July|18|1863|February|4}} | [[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]] | bgcolor="#aaaaaa" | <ref group="n" name="vicepresident2" /> | <small>[[Andrés Cerón Serrano]]</small><br /><small>(February 1862–February 1862)</small> | <small>[[Julio Arboleda Pombo]]</small><br /><small>(10 July 1861–18 July</small> <small>1861)</small>[[File:José Gregorio Ignacio Gutiérrez Vergara.jpg|center|frameless|134x134px]]<br />[[Ignacio Gutiérrez Vergara]]<br /><small>(18 July 1861–18 January 1862)</small><br />[[Leonardo Canal González]]<br /><small>(18 July 1861–6 November 1862)</small><br />[[Manuel del Río y de Narváez]]<br /><small>(6 November 1862–13 January 1863)</small> |}
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