Editing Lise Meitner (section)

==Nazi Germany==
[[Adolf Hitler]] was sworn in as the [[Chancellor of Germany]] on 30 January 1933, as his [[Nazi Party]] (NSDAP) was now the largest party in the {{lang|de|[[Reichstag (Weimar Republic)|Reichstag]]}}.{{sfn|Sime|1996|p=135}} The 7 April 1933 [[Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service]] removed Jews from the civil service, which included academia. Meitner never tried to conceal her Jewish descent, but initially was exempt from its impact on multiple grounds: she had been employed before 1914, had served in the military during the World War, was an Austrian rather than a German citizen, and the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute was a government-industry partnership.{{sfn|Sime|1996|pp=138–139}} However, she was dismissed from her adjunct professorship on 6 September on the grounds that her World War I service was not at the front, and she had not completed her habilitation until 1922. This had no effect on her salary or work at the KWI for Chemistry.{{sfn|Sime|1996|p=150}} [[Carl Bosch]], the director of [[IG Farben]], a major sponsor of the KWI for Chemistry, assured Meitner that her position there was safe.{{sfn|Sime|1996|pp=138–139}} Although Hahn and Meitner remained in charge, their assistants, Otto Erbacher and Kurt Philipp respectively, who were both NSDAP members, were given increasing influence over the day-to-day running of the institute.{{sfn|Sime|1996|p=153}}

Others were not so fortunate; her nephew [[Otto Robert Frisch]] was dismissed from his post in the Institute for Physical Chemistry at the [[University of Hamburg]], as was [[Otto Stern]], the director of the institute. Stern found Frisch a position with [[Patrick Blackett]] at [[Birkbeck College]] in England,{{sfn|Frisch|1979|pp=51–52}} and he later worked at the [[Niels Bohr Institute]] in Copenhagen from 1934 to 1939.{{sfn|Frisch|1979|p=81}} [[Fritz Strassman]] had come to the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Chemistry to study under Hahn to improve his employment prospects. He declined a lucrative offer of employment because it required political training and Nazi Party membership, and resigned from the [[Society of German Chemists]] when it became part of the Nazi [[German Labour Front]] rather than become a member of a Nazi-controlled organisation. As a result, he could neither work in the chemical industry nor receive his habilitation. Meitner persuaded Hahn to hire him as an assistant. Soon he would be credited as a third collaborator on the papers they produced, and would sometimes even be listed first.{{sfn|Sime|1996|pp=156–157, 169}}{{sfn|Walker|2006|p=122}} Between 1933 and 1935, Meitner published exclusively in the journal {{lang|de|[[Naturwissenschaften]]}}, as its editor [[Arnold Berliner]] was Jewish, and he continued to accept submissions from Jewish scientists. This generated a boycott of the publication, and in August 1935 the publisher, [[Springer-Verlag]], fired Berliner.{{sfn|Sime|1996|pp=151–152}}