Editing Lisbon (section)

==Geography==
[[File:Lisbon, Portugal ESA24382662.jpeg|thumb|View of the [[Lisbon metropolitan area]], with the [[Portuguese Riviera]] to the west of Lisbon and the [[Península de Setúbal|Setúbal Peninsula]] south of the [[Tagus River]]]]
[[File:Lisboa freguesias 2012.svg|thumb|Map of the 24 ''[[freguesia]]s'' (administrative divisions of the city) of Lisbon grouped by zone:{{legend|#8A2BE2|Historic Center}}{{legend|#FFFF00|Western Lisbon}}{{legend|#f28500|Central Lisbon}}{{legend|#6495ED|Eastern Lisbon}}{{legend|#32CD32|Northern Lisbon}}]]

===Physical geography===
Lisbon is located at {{coord|38|42|49.75|N|9|8|21.79|W|type:city(2042326)_region:PT}}, situated at the mouth of the [[Tagus River]] and is the westernmost capital of a mainland European country. The river delta is [[Inverted river delta|inverted]].

The westernmost part of Lisbon is occupied by the [[Monsanto Forest Park]], a {{cvt|10|km2|sqmi|0}} urban park, one of the largest in Europe, and occupying 10% of the municipality.

The city occupies an area of {{cvt|100.05|km2|sqmi|0}}, and its city boundaries, unlike those of most major cities, coincide with those of the municipality.<ref>{{citation |editor=IGP |title=Carta Administrativa Oficial de Portugal |year=2011 |publisher=Instituto Geográfico Português |location=Lisbon, Portugal |language=pt}}</ref> The rest of the urbanised area of the Lisbon urban area, known generically as [[Grande Lisboa Subregion|Greater Lisbon]] ({{langx|pt|Grande Lisboa}}) includes several administratively defined cities and municipalities, in the north bank of the Tagus River. The larger [[Lisbon metropolitan area]] includes the [[Península de Setúbal|Setúbal Peninsula]] to the south.

===Climate===
{{Main|Climate of Lisbon}}
Lisbon has a [[Mediterranean climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Csa''),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/ |title=World Map of Köppen−Geiger Climate Classification |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100906034159/http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/ |archive-date=6 September 2010}}</ref> characterized by cool, rainy winters and warm to hot, dry summers. The average annual temperature is {{cvt|17.4|°C|°F}}, with average daily highs of {{cvt|21.3|°C|°F}} and lows of {{cvt|13.5|°C|°F}}.

In the coldest month, January, daytime highs typically range from {{cvt|14|to|19|C|F}}, while nighttime lows range from {{cvt|5|to|10|C|F}}, with an average sea temperature of {{cvt|16|°C|°F}}.<ref name="seatemperature">[https://www.seatemperature.org/europe/portugal/lisbon-january.htm Lisbon average sea temperature] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307022805/https://www.seatemperature.org/europe/portugal/lisbon-january.htm |date=7 March 2018 }} – seatemperature.org.</ref> In the warmest month, August, daytime highs typically range from {{cvt|25|to|32|C|F}}, nighttime lows range from {{cvt|14|to|20|C|F}}, and the average sea temperature is around {{cvt|20|°C|°F}}.<ref name="seatemperature" />

The climate of Lisbon is moderate, largely due to its location in southwestern Europe, its proximity to the [[Azores High]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Iqbal |first1=M. J. |last2=Rashid |first2=Shahnaz Feroz |title=A re-interpretation of impact of the Icelandic Low and Azores High on winter precipitation over Iberian Peninsula |journal=Arabian Journal of Geosciences |date=22 February 2016 |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=102 |doi=10.1007/s12517-015-2086-y |bibcode=2016ArJG....9..102I |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12517-015-2086-y |access-date=22 February 2025 |language=en |issn=1866-7538}}</ref> and the Atlantic Ocean. The highest temperature ever recorded in Lisbon was {{cvt|44.0|°C|°F}} on 4 August 2018,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dn.pt/pais/interior/este-sabado-foi-o-dia-mais-quente-de-sempre-em-lisboa-9679437.html |title=Sábado foi o dia mais quente de sempre em Lisboa e noutros 24 locais |trans-title=G. Coutinho and Tapada weather stations measure Lisbon's highest temperature record |date=5 August 2018 |access-date=24 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190520055703/https://www.dn.pt/pais/interior/este-sabado-foi-o-dia-mais-quente-de-sempre-em-lisboa-9679437.html |archive-date=20 May 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> while the lowest temperature ever recorded was {{cvt|-1.2|°C|0}} in February 1956; although other locations in its  [[Lisbon metropolitan area|metropolitan area]] have recorded lower temperatures, not being as affected by the [[urban heat island effect]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Vilão |first1=Daniel |last2=Ramos |first2=Isabel Loupa |title=Lisbon Urban Climate: Statistical Analysis/Approach for Urban Heat Island Effect Based on a Pioneering Urban Meteorological Network |journal=Atmosphere |date=October 2024 |volume=15 |issue=10 |pages=1177 |doi=10.3390/atmos15101177 |doi-access=free |language=en |issn=2073-4433}}</ref> of the city centre, with [[Sintra]] and [[Setúbal]] having reached {{cvt|-4|°C|0}} and {{cvt|-5.1|°C|0}} respectively, both experiencing about 13 days of frost per year on average.<ref>[https://www.ipma.pt/bin/file.data/climate-normal/cn_71-00_SINTRA_BASE_AEREA.pdf Sintra Base area] ipma.pt</ref><ref>[https://www.ipma.pt/bin/file.data/climate-normal/cn_71-00_SETUBAL.pdf Setubal] ipma.pt</ref> 

Lisbon receives around {{cvt|760|mm|in}} of precipitation annually, with the majority falling during the autumn and winter months. November and December are the wettest months, contributing to a third of the total annual rainfall. The dry season typically lasts from early June to mid-September, with July and August being the driest months. During this period, there are typically around 8 days with measurable precipitation.<ref name="IPMA" />

The city has around 2,875 hours of sunshine per year, one of the highest amounts in Europe. August is the sunniest month, with sunshine occurring for approximately 80% of the daytime, while December is the dullest, with sunshine occurring only 51% of the time.<ref name="dwd"/>

Temperatures across Lisbon's metropolitan area can vary significantly, especially during the summer months. In areas with greater exposure to the Atlantic Ocean, such as [[Sintra]] or [[Cascais]] to the west of the city, temperatures tend to be more moderate and are generally cooler. In extreme cases, summer daytime highs can differ by as much as 20°C (36°F) between the city of Lisbon and [[Cabo da Roca]].

{{Weather box
| location = Lisbon (Instituto Geofísico D. Luís) (1981-2010 normals, 1971-2018 extremes)
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| Jan record high C = 22.6
| Feb record high C = 24.8
| Mar record high C = 29.4
| Apr record high C = 32.4
| May record high C = 35.0
| Jun record high C = 41.5
| Jul record high C = 40.6
| Aug record high C = 44.0
| Sep record high C = 41.4
| Oct record high C = 32.6
| Nov record high C = 25.3
| Dec record high C = 23.2
| year record high C =
| Jan high C = 14.8
| Feb high C = 16.2
| Mar high C = 18.8
| Apr high C = 19.8
| May high C = 22.1
| Jun high C = 25.7
| Jul high C = 27.9
| Aug high C = 28.3
| Sep high C = 26.6
| Oct high C = 22.5
| Nov high C = 18.2
| Dec high C = 15.2
| year high C =
| Jan mean C = 11.5
| Feb mean C = 12.6
| Mar mean C = 14.9
| Apr mean C = 15.9
| May mean C = 18.0
| Jun mean C = 21.2
| Jul mean C = 23.1
| Aug mean C = 23.5
| Sep mean C = 22.1
| Oct mean C = 18.8
| Nov mean C = 15.0
| Dec mean C = 12.3
| year mean C =
| Jan low C = 8.2
| Feb low C = 9.1
| Mar low C = 11.0
| Apr low C = 11.9
| May low C = 13.9
| Jun low C = 16.7
| Jul low C = 18.2
| Aug low C = 18.6
| Sep low C = 17.6
| Oct low C = 15.1
| Nov low C = 11.8
| Dec low C = 9.4
| year low C =
| Jan record low C = 0.4
| Feb record low C = 1.2
| Mar record low C = 0.2
| Apr record low C = 5.5
| May record low C = 6.8
| Jun record low C = 10.3
| Jul record low C = 13.1
| Aug record low C = 13.8
| Sep record low C = 10.7
| Oct record low C = 8.0
| Nov record low C = 3.9
| Dec record low C = 2.1
| year record low C =
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 99.2
| Feb rain mm = 84.3
| Mar rain mm = 52.1
| Apr rain mm = 68.0
| May rain mm = 52.6
| Jun rain mm = 15.6
| Jul rain mm = 3.9
| Aug rain mm = 6.1
| Sep rain mm = 32.6
| Oct rain mm = 97.7
| Nov rain mm = 127.5
| Dec rain mm = 126.2
| year rain mm =
| unit rain days = 1 mm
| Jan rain days = 9.6
| Feb rain days = 8.4
| Mar rain days = 6.2
| Apr rain days = 7.9
| May rain days = 6.0
| Jun rain days = 2.3
| Jul rain days = 0.6
| Aug rain days = 1.2
| Sep rain days = 3.8
| Oct rain days = 8.6
| Nov rain days = 9.8
| Dec rain days = 11.1
| year rain days =
|Jan sun = 158.6
|Feb sun = 174.7
|Mar sun = 216.0
|Apr sun = 248.0
|May sun = 296.8
|Jun sun = 322.2
|Jul sun = 349.7
|Aug sun = 339.9
|Sep sun = 259.8
|Oct sun = 196.4
|Nov sun = 163.1
|Dec sun = 149.7
|year sun = 
| source 1 = [[Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera]],<ref name="IPMA">{{cite web |title=Normal Climatológica – Lisboa / Instituto Geofísico 1981-2010 |url=https://www.ipma.pt/bin/file.data/climate-normal/cn_81-10_LISBOA_GEOFISICO.pdf |publisher=[[IPMA]] |access-date=21 February 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Normal Climatológica – Lisboa / Instituto Geofísico 1971-2000|url=https://www.ipma.pt/bin/file.data/climate-normal/cn_71-00_LISBOA_GEOFISICO.pdf |publisher=[[IPMA]] |access-date=21 February 2025}}</ref> [[German Meteorological Service]] (sunshine hours 1990-2019)<ref name="dwd">{{cite web |url=https://opendata.dwd.de/climate_environment/CDC/observations_global/CLIMAT/monthly/qc/sunshine_duration/historical/08535_198607_201812.txt |title=Monthly Averages for Lisbon|publisher=DwD}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://opendata.dwd.de/climate_environment/CDC/observations_global/CLIMAT/monthly/qc/sunshine_duration/recent/08535.txt |title=Monthly Averages for Lisbon|publisher=DwD}}</ref>
}}

===Freguesias===
The municipality of Lisbon included 53 ''[[freguesias]]'' until November 2012. A new law ("Lei n.º 56/2012") reduced the number of ''freguesias'' to the following 24:<ref>{{cite web |title=Law nr. 56/2012, pages 6454–6460 |url=https://dre.pt/application/file/191924 |access-date=20 November 2014 |author=Diário da República |author-link=Diário da República |language=pt |format=pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129033846/https://dre.pt/application/file/191924 |archive-date=29 November 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

{{div col|colwidth=18em}}
* [[Ajuda]]
* [[Alcântara, Lisbon|Alcântara]]
* [[Alvalade]]
* [[Areeiro, Lisbon|Areeiro]]
* [[Arroios]]
* [[Avenidas Novas]]
* [[Beato, Lisbon|Beato]]
* [[Belém, Lisbon|Belém]]
* [[Benfica, Lisbon|Benfica]]
* [[Campo de Ourique]]
* [[Campolide]]
* [[Carnide]]
* [[Estrela, Lisbon|Estrela]]
* [[Lumiar]]
* [[Marvila, Lisbon|Marvila]]
* [[Misericórdia]]
* [[Olivais, Lisbon|Olivais]]
* [[Parque das Nações]]
* [[Penha de França]]
* [[Santa Clara, Lisbon|Santa Clara]]
* [[Santa Maria Maior, Lisbon|Santa Maria Maior]]
* [[Santo António, Lisbon|Santo António]]
* [[São Domingos de Benfica]]
* [[São Vicente, Lisbon|São Vicente]]
{{div col end}}

===Neighborhoods===
{{wide image|Lisboa-lisbon- panorama.jpg|939px|align-cap=center|View of Lisbon's waterfront districts from the [[Christ the King (Almada)|Christ the King]] viewpoint.}}

Locally, Lisbon's inhabitants may commonly refer to the spaces of Lisbon in terms of historic ''Bairros de Lisboa'' ([[Bairro|neighbourhoods]]). These communities have no clearly defined boundaries and represent distinctive quarters of the city that have in common a historical culture, similar living standards, and identifiable architectural landmarks, as exemplified by the ''Bairro Alto'', ''Alfama'', ''Chiado'', and so forth.

====Alcântara====
{{main|Alcântara, Lisbon|l1=Alcântara}}
[[File:Capela de Santo Amaro - Lisboa - Portugal (37047725223).jpg|thumb|Santo Amaro, Alcântara]]
[[File:Alcântara by wax115.jpg|thumb|[[Alcântara (Lisbon)|Alcântara]] from the [[Port of Lisbon]]]]
[[File:Doca de Sto. Amaro - Lisboa - Portugal (2449827584).jpg|thumb|Lisbon "docas"]]
Alcântara is situated along the northern bank of the Tagus River, between the parishes of Belém to the west and Estrela to the east. Its proximity to both the city centre and the riverside makes it a well-connected and popular area for both locals and tourists. Although today it is quite central, it was once a mere suburb of Lisbon, comprising mostly farms and country estates of the nobility with their palaces. Amongst the palaces found in the neighbourhood the most notable are:
* Palácio da Ega (16th century), now hosting the [[Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Palácio da Ega – Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino |url=https://www.trienaldelisboa.com/ohl/espaco/palacio-da-ega-arquivo-historico-ultramarino-2/ |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=www.trienaldelisboa.com |language=pt-pt}}</ref>
* Palácio Condes da Ribeira Grande (18th century), now hosting the MACAM museum and an hotel<ref>{{Cite web |title=MACAM – Palácio Condes da Ribeira Grande |url=https://www.trienaldelisboa.com/ohl/espaco/macam-palacio-dos-condes-da-ribeira-grande-2/ |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=www.trienaldelisboa.com |language=pt-pt}}</ref>
* Palácio Burnay (18th century), now in the process of being restored so as to house a state-owned enterprise focused on culture<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-10 |title=Orçamento para a Cultura totaliza cerca de 600 milhões de euros em 2025 |url=https://expresso.pt/cultura/2024-10-10-orcamento-para-a-cultura-totaliza-cerca-de-600-milhoes-de-euros-em-2025-2d3645e0 |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=Expresso |language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Governo vai reabilitar o abandonado Palácio Burnay e expandir o Museu de Arte Antiga |url=https://www.nit.pt/cultura/governo-vai-reabilitar-o-abandonado-palacio-burnay-e-expandir-o-museu-de-arte-antiga |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=NiT |language=pt-PT}}</ref>
* Palacete do Conde de Burnay (19th century), now housing a public library (biblioteca de Alcântara)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Biblioteca de Alcântara – Palacete do Conde de Burnay |url=https://www.trienaldelisboa.com/ohl/espaco/biblioteca-de-alcantara-palacete-do-conde-de-burnay/ |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=www.trienaldelisboa.com |language=pt-pt}}</ref>
* Palácio Vale-Flor (20th century), nowadays a restaurant and an hotel<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hotel Pestana Palace |url=https://www.trienaldelisboa.com/ohl/espaco/hotel-pestana-palace/ |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=www.trienaldelisboa.com |language=pt-pt}}</ref>

In the 16th century, there was a brook there which the nobles used to promenade in their boats.

During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Alcântara became a popular industrial area, with many small factories and warehouses and docks along the waterfront. The presence of these industries attracted many working-class families.
[[File:DF1 9862 (45046589254).jpg|thumb|Lx Factory in Alcântara]]
[[File:Palácio Burnay 7718.jpg|thumb|Palácio Burnay, Alcântara]]
By the mid-20th century, the area had experienced some decline as industries closed down. However, since the late 20th century, Alcântara has seen revitalisation, with many of the old factories repurposed into trendy spaces such as art galleries, nightclubs, and creative hubs. In the early 1990s, Alcântara began to attract youth because of the number of pubs and discothèques. This was mainly due to its outer area of mostly commercial buildings, which acted as barriers to the noise-generating nightlife (which acted as a buffer to the residential communities surrounding it). In the meantime, some of these areas began to become gentrified, attracting loft developments and new flats, which have profited from its river views and central location.

Alcântara has emerged as one of Lisbon's most dynamic areas for nightlife and culture. The riverfront of Alcântara is known for its nightclubs and bars. The area is commonly known as ''docas'' (docks), since most of the clubs and bars are housed in converted dock warehouses.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leandro |first=Valter |date=2022-11-16 |title=Um fim de semana na zona das Docas de Santo Amaro, em Alcântara |url=https://lisboasecreta.co/docas-de-santo-amaro-em-alcantara/ |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=Lisboa Secreta |language=pt-PT}}</ref>

Key places of interest/cultural landmarks in the neighbourhood include:
* '''LX Factory''': A cultural and creative complex housed in a former industrial site now home to cafes, restaurants, co-working spaces, shops, and art installations. LX Factory frequently hosts markets, exhibitions, and live performances<ref>{{Cite web |title=LxFactory {{!}} Restaurants, Bars, Shops & Offices in Alcantara |url=https://lxfactory.com/en/homepage-en/ |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=Lx Factory |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Os restaurantes e as lojas: um guia completo para redescobrir a Lx Factory |work=Time Out Lisboa |url=https://www.timeout.pt/lisboa/pt/coisas-para-fazer/coisas-para-fazer-na-lx-factory}}</ref>
* '''Village Underground''': An innovative cultural space made of recycled shipping containers and old buses, used as offices, restaurants, and even a stage for performances. It exemplifies the creative reuse of industrial spaces in Alcântara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=HOME |url=https://vulisboa.com/ |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=village underground lisboa |language=pt-PT}}</ref>
* '''Museums''': Many museums can be found in Alcantara, including the "Museu de Macau" (Macau Museum),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Museu |url=https://www.cccm.gov.pt/museu/ |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=CCCM, I.P.}}</ref> "Museu da Carris" (Carris - Public transportation museum),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Homepage Museu {{!}} Museu da Carris |url=https://museu.carris.pt/en/homepage-museu/ |access-date=2024-10-19 |language=en-GB}}</ref> the "B-Mad museum" (Berardo - Museum Art Deco)<ref>{{Cite web |title=BMAD . Berardo Museu Arte Deco |url=https://bmad.pt/ |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=bmad.pt}}</ref> and the set-to-open in 2024 MACAM (Armando Martins '''Museum''' of Contemporary Art)<ref>{{Cite web |title=MACAM - Museu de Arte Contemporânea Armando Martins |url=https://macam.pt/en |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=localhost |language=en}}</ref>
* '''Pilar 7''': situated within one of the massive support pillars of the 25 de Abril Bridge. It was created to offer visitors a closer look at the bridge's architectural and engineering marvel, providing access to areas of the bridge that would otherwise be off-limits. The main focus is on the structural aspects and construction of the bridge, but it also incorporates interactive exhibits and a viewpoint.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=T: +351 210 312 700 |last2=F: +351 210 312 899 |last3=Atl@visitlisboa.com |last4=Www.visitlisboa.com |title=Experiência Pilar 7 |url=https://www.visitlisboa.com/pt-pt/locais/experiencia-pilar-7 |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=Turismo de Lisboa |language=pt-pt}}</ref>

The neighbourhood is also noticeable for hosting the "Lisbon Congress Centre" (Centro de congressos de Lisboa),<ref>{{Cite web |title=CCL - Centro de Congressos de Lisboa |url=https://ccl.lisbonvenues.pt/ |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=CCL |language=pt-pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Centro de Congressos de Lisboa |url=https://informacoeseservicos.lisboa.pt/contactos/diretorio-da-cidade/centro-de-congressos-de-lisboa}}</ref> the Lisbon Metropolitan Orchestra (Orquestra Metropolitana de Lisboa)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Homepage |url=https://www.metropolitana.pt/ |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=Metropolitana}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=AMEC {{!}} Metropolitana |url=https://informacoeseservicos.lisboa.pt/contactos/diretorio-da-cidade/amec-metropolitana}}</ref> and the [[Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino |url=https://ahu.dglab.gov.pt/}}</ref>

====Alfama====
{{Main|Alfama}}
[[File:A ver S. Vicente.jpg|thumb|right|[[Alfama]], with the church of [[Monastery of São Vicente de Fora|S. Vicente de Fora]].]]

Alfama, the oldest district of Lisbon, spreads down the southern slope from the [[São Jorge Castle|Castle of São Jorge]] to the [[River Tagus]]. Its name, derived from the [[Arabic language|Arabic]] ''Al-hamma'', means fountains or baths. During the [[Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula|Islamic invasion of Iberia]], the Alfama constituted the largest part of the city, extending west to the [[Baixa]] neighbourhood. Increasingly, the Alfama became inhabited by fishermen and the poor: its fame as a poor neighbourhood continues to this day.  Many of the buildings date back to the 18th century, showcasing traditional Portuguese architecture, complete with colorful tiled facades and wrought-iron balconies. While the [[1755 Lisbon earthquake]] caused considerable damage throughout the capital, the Alfama  was largely spared  and survived with little damage, thanks to its compact labyrinth of narrow streets and small squares.

This historic district has retained much of its original character. It is a historical quarter of mixed-use buildings occupied by [[Fado]] bars, restaurants, and homes with small shops downstairs. Fado, the typically Portuguese style of melancholy music, is common (but not obligatory) in the restaurants of the district.

Modernising trends have invigorated the district: old houses have been re-purposed or remodelled, while new buildings have been constructed.

Alfama hosts several events throughout the year, including the popular '''Festas de Santo António''', where locals celebrate with street parties, music, and food. This vibrant atmosphere showcases the community's spirit and connection to its cultural roots.

Key places of interest/cultural landmarks in the neighbourhood include:
[[File:Lisbao-Miradouro Santa Luzia.jpg|thumb|right|''Miradouro de Santa Luzia'', in the Alfama district, at sunrise.]]
* '''São Jorge Castle''': historic [[castle]] which has been continuously occupied for the last 3,000 years<ref>{{Cite web |title=Castelo de São Jorge |url=https://castelodesaojorge.pt/en/ |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=castelodesaojorge.pt}}</ref>
* '''Miradouros''': Amongst the most emblematic viewpoints there are Miradouro de Santa Luzia (where the Igreja de Santa Luzia e de São Brás stands) and the Miradouro das Portas do Sol.
* '''Museums''': Many museums can be found in Alfama, including the "Museu de Santo António" (Saint Anthony Museum),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Santo António |url=https://www.museudelisboa.pt/pt/nucleos/santo-antonio |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=Museu de Lisboa |language=pt}}</ref> "Museu do Aljube - Resistência e Liberdade" (Aljube - Estado Novo dictatorship museum),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Museu do Aljube |url=https://www.museudoaljube.pt/ |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=Museu do Aljube |language=pt}}</ref> the "Museu do Teatro Romano" (Roman Theatre Museum),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Teatro Romano |url=https://www.museudelisboa.pt/pt/nucleos/teatro-romano |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=Museu de Lisboa |language=pt}}</ref> the "Fundação José Saramago" (José Saramago Foundation)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fundação José Saramago |url=https://www.josesaramago.org/ |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=Fundação José Saramago |language=pt-PT}}</ref> and the "Museu de Artes Decorativas Portuguesas" (Museum of Portuguese Decorative Arts)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Comercial |date=2019-03-19 |title=Um Projeto Original - FRESS |url=https://www.fress.pt/museu/um-projeto-original/?v=0b3b97fa6688 |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=www.fress.pt |language=pt-pt}}</ref>

====Mouraria====
The Mouraria, or Moorish quarter, is one of the most traditional neighbourhoods of Lisbon,<ref name="Carvalho2007">{{cite book |author=Joaquim Carvalho |title=Religion and Power in Europe: Conflict and Convergence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jR98-Ata0CkC&pg=PA38 |year=2007 |publisher=Edizioni Plus |isbn=978-88-8492-464-3 |page=38 |access-date=29 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509071129/https://books.google.com/books?id=jR98-Ata0CkC&pg=PA38 |archive-date=9 May 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> although most of its old buildings were demolished by the [[Estado Novo (Portugal)|Estado Novo]] between the 1930s and the 1970s.<ref name="Colvin2008">{{cite book |author=Michael Colvin |title=The Reconstruction of Lisbon: Severa's Legacy and the Fado's Rewriting of Urban History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O3kkMvRabv4C&pg=PA28 |year=2008 |publisher=Associated University Presse |isbn=978-0-8387-5708-6 |page=98 |access-date=29 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508093045/https://books.google.com/books?id=O3kkMvRabv4C&pg=PA28 |archive-date=8 May 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> It takes its name from the fact that after the reconquest of Lisbon, the Muslims who remained were confined to this part of the city.<ref name="Soyer2007b">{{cite book |author=François Soyer |title=The Persecution of the Jews and Muslims of Portugal: King Manuel I and the End of Religious Tolerance (1496–7) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hvOpWcWD2_wC&pg=PA41 |date=15 October 2007 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-16262-4 |page=41 |access-date=29 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603064836/https://books.google.com/books?id=hvOpWcWD2_wC&pg=PA41 |archive-date=3 June 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> In turn, the Jews were confined to three neighbourhoods called "Judiarias".<ref name="O'Flanagan2008">{{cite book |author=Patrick O'Flanagan |title=Port Cities of Atlantic Iberia, C. 1500–1900 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fzJc8ii7OMsC&pg=PA147 |date=1 January 2008 |publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. |isbn=978-0-7546-6109-2 |page=147 |access-date=29 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160511050547/https://books.google.com/books?id=fzJc8ii7OMsC&pg=PA147 |archive-date=11 May 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

====Bairro Alto====
{{Main|Bairro Alto}}

[[File:Bairro Alto, Lisbon (34487234082).jpg|thumb|right|''[[Duke of Cadaval]] Square'', bordering [[Bairro Alto]] and the [[Baixa Pombalina]]]]

Bairro Alto (literally ''the upper quarter'' in [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]) is an area of central Lisbon that functions as a residential, shopping and entertainment district; it is the center of the Portuguese capital's nightlife, attracting hipster youth and members of various music subcultures. Lisbon's [[Punk subculture|punk]], [[Gay (term)|gay]], metal, [[Goth subculture|goth]], [[Hip hop music|hip hop]] and [[reggae]] scenes all find a home in the ''Bairro'' with its many clubs and bars that cater to them. The crowds in the Bairro Alto are a multicultural mix of people representing a broad cross-section of modern Portuguese society, many of them being entertainment seekers and devotees of various music genres outside the mainstream, [[Fado]], Portugal's national music, still survives in the midst of the new nightlife.

====Baixa====
{{Main|Baixa Pombalina}}
[[File:Aerial view of Augusta Street, Lisbon (50644280948).jpg|thumb|Aerial view of the [[Lisbon Baixa]].]]
The heart of the city is the ''[[Baixa]]'' or city centre; the Pombaline Baixa is an elegant district, primarily constructed after the [[1755 Lisbon earthquake]], taking its name from its benefactor, [[Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal]], who was the minister of [[Joseph I of Portugal]] (1750–1777) and a key figure during the Portuguese [[The Enlightenment|Enlightenment]]. Following the 1755 disaster, Pombal took the lead in rebuilding Lisbon, imposing strict conditions and guidelines on the construction of the city, and transforming the organic street plan that characterised the district before the earthquake into its current grid pattern. As a result, the Pombaline Baixa is one of the first examples of [[earthquake construction|earthquake-resistant construction]]. Architectural models were tested by having troops march around them to simulate an earthquake. Notable features of Pombaline structures include the Pombaline cage, a symmetrical wood-lattice framework aimed at distributing earthquake forces, and inter-terrace walls that were built higher than roof timbers to inhibit the spread of fires.

{{wide image|File:Plaza del Comercio, Lisboa, Portugal, 2012-05-12, DD 01-03 PAN.jpg|1000px|align-cap=center|[[Praça do Comércio]], with the [[Rua Augusta Arch]], in the [[Lisbon Baixa]]}}

====Beato====
[[File:Teatro_Ibérico_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Facade of Teatro Ibérico, in Beato]]

The parish of [[Beato, Lisbon|Beato]] stands out for the new cultural dynamics it has been experiencing in recent years. The manufacturing districts and the industrial facilities by the riverside docks are the place of choice for contemporary art galleries, iconic bars, and gourmet restaurants that simmer in the streets. This reality has not gone unnoticed by the national press, and Visão,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://visao.sapo.pt/visaose7e/sair/2018-06-08-tudo-o-que-ha-para-ver-e-fazer-de-marvila-ao-beato/ |title=Tudo o que há para ver e fazer de Marvila ao Beato |last=Revista |first=Visão |date=June 2018 |website=Visao |access-date=14 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114020238/https://visao.sapo.pt/visaose7e/sair/2018-06-08-tudo-o-que-ha-para-ver-e-fazer-de-marvila-ao-beato/ |archive-date=14 January 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> TimeOut,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timeout.pt/lisboa/pt/coisas-para-fazer/roteiro-perfeito-em-marvila |title=Roteiro perfeito em Marvila |last=Revista |first=TimeOut |date=December 2019 |website=TimeOut |access-date=14 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114020238/https://www.timeout.pt/lisboa/pt/coisas-para-fazer/roteiro-perfeito-em-marvila |archive-date=14 January 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> or Jornal de Negócios<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jornaldenegocios.pt/weekend/detalhe/lisboa-o-circulo-alternativo-das-galerias-de-arte |title=Lisboa: ocírculo alternativo das galerias de arte |last=de Negócios |first=Jornal |date=May 2017 |website=Jornal de Negócios |access-date=14 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114020238/https://www.jornaldenegocios.pt/weekend/detalhe/lisboa-o-circulo-alternativo-das-galerias-de-arte |archive-date=14 January 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> have already made notice of this parish that hides treasures such as the [[National Museum of the Azulejo]] or the [[Palacio do Grilo]].

====Belém====
{{Main|Santa Maria de Belém|l1=Belém}}

Belém is famous as the place from which many of the great [[Portugal|Portuguese]] explorers set off on their voyages of discovery. In particular, it is the place from which [[Vasco da Gama]] departed for [[India]] in 1497 and Pedro Álvares Cabral departed for Brazil in 1499. It is also a former royal residence and features the 17th – 18th-century [[Belém Palace]], a former royal residence now occupied by the [[President of Portugal]], and the [[Ajuda Palace]], begun in 1802 but never completed.

Perhaps Belém's most famous feature is its tower, [[Belém Tower|Torre de Belém]], whose image is much used by Lisbon's tourist board. The tower was built as a fortified lighthouse late in the reign of [[Manuel I of Portugal|Dom Manuel l]] (1515–1520) to guard the entrance to the port. It stood on a little island on the right side of the [[Tagus]], surrounded by water. Belém's other major historical building is the ''[[Jerónimos Monastery, Lisbon|Mosteiro dos Jerónimos]]'' (Jerónimos Monastery), which the [[Belém Tower|Torre de Belém]] was built partly to defend. Belém's most notable modern feature is the [[Padrão dos Descobrimentos]] (Monument to the Discoveries) built for the Portuguese World Fair in 1940. In the heart of Belém is the ''Praça do Império'': gardens centred upon a large fountain, laid out during [[World War II]]. To the west of the gardens lies the ''[[Centro Cultural de Belém]]''. Belém is one of the most visited Lisbon districts. Here is located the [[Estádio do Restelo]], home to [[C.F. Os Belenenses|Belenenses]].

{{wide image|JeronimosLisbon (cropped).jpg|1000px|align-cap=center|View of [[Jerónimos Monastery]] and ''Praça do Império'' (Empire Square) from the top of the ''[[Padrão dos Descobrimentos]]'' in [[Belém (Lisbon)|Belém]]}}

====Chiado====
{{Main|Chiado}}
[[File:PlazaDeCamoesLisboa-P1100966-P1100968.jpg|thumb|Monument to [[Luís de Camões]], considered the greatest poet of the [[Portuguese language]], in [[Chiado]]]]

The Chiado is a traditional shopping area that mixes old and modern commercial establishments, concentrated specially in the Rua do Carmo and the Rua Garrett. Locals as well as tourists visit the Chiado to buy books, clothing and pottery as well as to have a cup of coffee. The most famous café of Chiado is ''[[A Brasileira]]'', famous for having had poet [[Fernando Pessoa]] among its customers. The Chiado is also an important cultural area, with several museums and theatres, including the opera. Several buildings of the Chiado were destroyed in a fire in 1988, an event that deeply shocked the country. Thanks to a renovation project that lasted more than 10 years, coordinated by celebrated architect [[Siza Vieira]], the affected area has now virtually recovered.

====Estrela====

The ornate, late 18th-century [[Estrela Basilica]] is the main attraction of this district. The church with its large dome is located on a hill in what was at the time the western part of Lisbon and can be seen from great distances. The style is similar to that of the [[Mafra National Palace]], late baroque and neoclassical. The façade has twin bell towers and includes statues of saints and some allegorical figures. [[São Bento Palace]], the seat of the Portuguese parliament and the official residences of the [[Prime Minister of Portugal]] and the President of the [[Assembly of the Republic of Portugal]], are in this district. Also in this district is Estrela Park, a favorite with families. There are exotic plants and trees, a duck pond, various sculptures, a children's playground, and many cultural events going on throughout the year, including outdoor cinema, markets, and music festivals.

====Parque das Nações====
{{Main|Parque das Nações}}
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Parque das Nações (Park of Nations) is the newest district in Lisbon; it emerged from an urban renewal program to host the 1998 World Exhibition of Lisbon, also known as Expo'98. The area suffered massive changes giving Parque das Nações a futuristic look. A long-lasting legacy of the same, the area has become another commercial and higher-end residential area for the city.

Central in the area is the [[Gare do Oriente]] (Orient railway station), one of the main transport hubs of Lisbon for trains, buses, taxis, and the metro. Its glass and steel columns are inspired by Gothic architecture, lending the whole structure a visual fascination (especially in sunlight or when illuminated at night). It was designed by the architect [[Santiago Calatrava]] from [[Valencia]], Spain. The Parque das Nações is across the street.

The area is pedestrian-friendly with new buildings, restaurants, gardens, the [[Casino Lisboa, Portugal|Casino Lisbon]], the FIL building (International Exhibition and Fair), the Camões Theatre and the ''Oceanário de Lisboa'' ([[Lisbon Oceanarium]]), which is the second-largest in the world. The district's [[Altice Arena]] has become Lisbon's "jack-of-all-trades" performance arena. With seating for 20,000, it has staged events ranging from concerts to basketball tournaments.