Editing Lemmings (video game) (section)

==Legacy==
[[File:'Lemmings' (geograph 6299611).jpg|thumb|left|Three bronze lemming statues by Alyson Conway were installed at Seabraes, near DMA Design's original [[Dundee]] offices, in July 2013.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thetimes.com/sunday-times-100-tech/hardware-profile/article/four-geeks-meet-and-form-worlds-richest-entertainment-franchise-77vn36fj0pd |title=Four geeks meet — and form world's richest entertainment franchise |first=Marc |last=Horne |date=2 December 2015 |website=[[The Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thecourier.co.uk/news/dundee/59842/lemmings-find-their-way-home-to-dundee-with-new-seabraes-sculptures/ |title=Lemmings find their way home to Dundee with new Seabraes sculptures |first=Graeme |last=Ogston |date=26 July 2013 |website=[[The Courier (Dundee)|The Courier]]}}</ref>]]
''Lemmings'' inspired [[Lemmings (series)|several further games in the franchise]], including the ''Christmas Lemmings'' short games that were released between 1991 and 1994, and the 1991 expansion ''Oh No! More Lemmings''. Stand-alone sequels were ''[[Lemmings 2: The Tribes]]'' (1993),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://uk.ign.com/games/lemmings-2-the-tribes/pc-8946 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170227020259/http://www.ign.com/games/lemmings-2-the-tribes/pc-8946 |archive-date=27 February 2017 |title=Lemmings 2: The Tribes - PC - IGN |work=[[IGN]] |date=16 August 2013 |access-date=10 December 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[All New World of Lemmings]]'' (1994),<ref name=fox/> ''[[3D Lemmings]]'' (1995)<ref name=paintball/> and ''[[Lemmings Revolution]]'' (2000).<ref name=fox/> By mid-1995, ''Lemmings'' and its sequels had accumulated combined sales of more than 4 million units worldwide.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=75 Power Players|magazine=[[Next Generation (magazine)|Next Generation]]|issue=11|date=November 1995|page=68}}</ref> Two spin-off games were also made, both in 1996; ''[[Lemmings Paintball]]''<ref name=paintball>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317044719/http://www.gamespot.com/lemmings-paintball/reviews/lemmings-paintball-review-2535685/ |url=http://www.gamespot.com/lemmings-paintball/reviews/lemmings-paintball-review-2535685/ |title=Lemmings Paintball Review |last=Soete |first=Tim |date=23 August 1996 |work=[[GameSpot]] |access-date=26 January 2015 |archive-date=17 March 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> and ''[[The Adventures of Lomax]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamespot.com/reviews/adventures-of-lomax-review/1900-2545991/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150126044950/http://www.gamespot.com/reviews/adventures-of-lomax-review/1900-2545991/ |archive-date=26 January 2015 |title=Adventures of Lomax Review |last=Sterbakov |first=Hugh |date=1 December 1996 |work=[[GameSpot]] |access-date=26 January 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The [[intellectual property]] (IP) of ''Lemmings'' stayed with the initial publisher Psygnosis, who were acquired by [[Sony Computer Entertainment]] in 1993. Sony gained the IP for ''Lemmings'' from this acquisition; in 2006 a new game also titled ''[[Lemmings (2006 video game)|Lemmings]]'' was released for PlayStation consoles.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Gary_Cutlack |date=2007-05-10 |title=Lemmings - PS3 Network review |url=https://www.gamesradar.com/lemmings-ps3-network-review/ |access-date=2024-05-20 |website=gamesradar |language=en}}</ref><ref name=kevin>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamespot.com/reviews/lemmings-review/1900-6164476/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20141210081532/http://www.gamespot.com/reviews/lemmings-review/1900-6164476/ |archive-date=10 December 2014 |title=Lemmings for PlayStation 3 Review |work=[[GameSpot]] |date=19 January 2007 |access-date=10 December 2014 |first=Kevin |last=Van Ord |url-status=live }}</ref> The next game in the franchise, ''Lemmings Touch'', was developed by [[D3T]] and released in 2014 for [[PlayStation Vita]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://d3tltd.com/projects/lemmings-touch-ip-reboot-and-hd-remake/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170227014348/https://d3tltd.com/projects/lemmings-touch-ip-reboot-and-hd-remake/ |archive-date=27 February 2017 |title=Lemmings Touch – IP Reboot and HD Remake |work=D3T Ltd. |access-date=26 October 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> Sony eventually licensed the rights to [[Exient Entertainment]], who published a mobile game ''Lemmings: The Puzzle Adventure'' in 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pocketgamer.biz/news/72151/uk-dev-exient-expands-headcount/ |title=UK dev Exient expands headcount as it focuses on new license deals |last=Forde |first=Matthew |date=13 December 2019 |work=[[Pocket Gamer]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210917234246/https://www.pocketgamer.biz/news/72151/uk-dev-exient-expands-headcount/ |archive-date=17 September 2021 |url-status=live |access-date=17 September 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url = https://blog.eu.playstation.com/2018/12/20/lemmings-comes-to-mobile-devices-today/ | title = Lemmings comes to mobile devices today | first = Serken | last = Hansen | date = 20 December 2018 | access-date = 20 December 2018 | work = [[PlayStation Blog]] }}</ref> Exient produced a 30th anniversary documentary of the history of ''Lemmings'', released in February 2022.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2021/08/documentary-about-amiga-classic-lemmings-due-for-the-30th-anniversary/ | title = Documentary about Amiga classic Lemmings due for game's 30th anniversary | first = Matt | last = Paprocki | date = 25 August 2021 | access-date = 26 August 2021 | work =[[Ars Technica]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2022-02-14-new-documentary-film-celebrates-30th-anniversary-of-lemmings |title=Two-hour documentary film celebrates 30th anniversary of Lemmings |last=Nightingale |first=Ed |date=14 February 2022 |work=[[Eurogamer]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214152304/https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2022-02-14-new-documentary-film-celebrates-30th-anniversary-of-lemmings |archive-date=14 February 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Numerous [[video game clone|clones]] of ''Lemmings'' were made, including ''[[The Humans (video game)|The Humans]]'' (1992) and ''[[Pingus (video game)|Pingus]]'' (1998).<ref>{{cite web |last=Anderson |first=Lee |archive-date=6 December 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041206174427/http://archives.cnn.com/2000/TECH/computing/12/20/linux.games.idg/index.html |url = http://archives.cnn.com/2000/TECH/computing/12/20/linux.games.idg/index.html |work=[[CNN]] |title = Top 10 Linux games for the holidays |date=20 December 2000}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://edition.cnn.com/2000/TECH/computing/12/20/linux.games.idg/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201090819/http://edition.cnn.com/2000/TECH/computing/12/20/linux.games.idg/index.html | title= Top 10 Linux games for the holidays | work = [[CNN]] | first = Lee | last = Anderson | date = 20 December 2000 |archive-date=1 February 2011 | access-date = 10 December 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> Other similar games include ''[[Clones (video game)|Clones]]'' (2009), which was described by the developed as "a multiplayer version of Lemmings".<ref name=clones>{{cite web|last=Zimmerman |first=Conrad |url=http://www.destructoid.com/preview-clones-126300.phtml |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120728124202/http://www.destructoid.com/preview-clones-126300.phtml |archive-date=28 July 2012 |title=Preview: Clones |date=20 March 2009 |work=[[Destructoid]] |access-date=26 January 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> 
Yannick LeJacq of [[Kotaku]], commenting on the 2014 game ''[[MouseCraft]]'' which incorporates elements of ''Lemmings'' and ''[[Tetris]]'', speculated that games like ''Lemmings'' would not be very successful in the current gaming market, as the pace of the game is far too slow to satisfy most players.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kotaku.com/now-i-know-why-lemmings-died-1601913416 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140709212218/http://kotaku.com/now-i-know-why-lemmings-died-1601913416 |archive-date= 9 July 2014 |title=Now I Know Why Lemmings Died |date=9 July 2014 |access-date=10 December 2014 |work=[[Kotaku]] |first=Yannick |last=LeJacq |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2004, Graham Cormode proved that deciding whether it is possible to complete a level of Lemmings is [[NP-hard]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Cormode |first1=Graham |title=The hardness of the Lemmings game, or Oh no, more NP-completeness proofs |journal=In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Fun with Algorithms |date=2004 |pages=65–76 |url=http://dimacs.rutgers.edu/~graham/pubs/papers/cormodelemmings.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160730064740/http://dimacs.rutgers.edu/~graham/pubs/papers/cormodelemmings.pdf |archive-date=30 July 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> Later, Giovanni Viglietta showed that the task is [[PSPACE-complete]], even for levels where there is only one lemming to save.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Viglietta |first1=Giovanni |title=Lemmings Is PSPACE-Complete |journal=Theoretical Computer Science |date=2015 |volume=586 |pages=120–134 |url=http://giovanniviglietta.com/papers/lemmings2.pdf |doi=10.1016/j.tcs.2015.01.055 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160812081430/http://giovanniviglietta.com/papers/lemmings2.pdf |archive-date=12 August 2016 |arxiv=1202.6581 |s2cid=1682030 }}</ref>

In 2010, it was announced that ''Lemmings'' would be ported to the [[iOS]] operating system by developer Mobile 1UP,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cultofmac.com/lemmings-coming-to-iphone-ipod-touch-for-free/48457 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120724035808/http://www.cultofmac.com/48457/lemmings-coming-to-iphone-ipod-touch-for-free/48457/ |archive-date=24 July 2012 |title=Lemmings Coming to iPhone and iPod Touch For Free! |work=Cult of Mac |last=Bell |first=Killian |date=25 June 2010 |access-date=10 December 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> though [[Sony Computer Entertainment Europe]] later presented them with a [[cease-and-desist]] letter, forcing them to halt development of the port.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.macworld.com/article/1152455/lemmings.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130128020945/http://www.macworld.com/article/1152455/lemmings.html |archive-date=28 January 2013 |title=Lemmings iPhone port slapped with cease-and-desist letter |work=[[Macworld]] |last=Glasser |first=AJ |date=1 July 2010 |access-date=10 December 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> Mobile 1UP reworked the game to replace the Lemmings with humans in a prehistoric setting, and instead released the game under the name ''Caveman'' in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://appadvice.com/appnn/2011/04/walks-lemming-talks-lemming-cavemanhd-win-copy-comment |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707005331/http://appadvice.com/appnn/2011/04/walks-lemming-talks-lemming-cavemanhd-win-copy-comment |archive-date= 7 July 2012 |title=If It Walks Like A Lemming And Talks Like A Lemming It Must Be… Caveman? |last=Caplan |first=Lisa |date=13 April 2011 |work=AppAdvice |access-date=10 December 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> Brutal Deluxe, the developer who did the porting of the [[Apple IIGS]] version of ''Lemmings'', has released the port's [[source code]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://brutaldeluxe.fr/sourcecode/lemmings.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150725121604/http://brutaldeluxe.fr/sourcecode/lemmings.html |archive-date=25 July 2015 |title=Download the complete source code of the award-winning game from Psygnosis |work=Brutal Deluxe |access-date=7 October 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>

''Lemmings'' has also been called a predecessor of the modern [[real-time strategy]] (RTS) video game genre. A 1991 ''[[Amiga Power]]'' article claimed that ''Lemmings'' "was the first major game to introduce the 'indirect-control' concept," an element that is now common in many RTS games.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Buyers Guide |magazine=[[Amiga Power]] |issue=8 |url=https://archive.org/stream/Amiga_Power_Issue_08_1991-12_Future_Publishing_GB#page/n109/mode/2up |pages=111–112 |date=December 1991 |access-date=25 December 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313225954/https://archive.org/stream/Amiga_Power_Issue_08_1991-12_Future_Publishing_GB |archive-date=13 March 2016 }}</ref> [[Blizzard Entertainment]] developer Bob Fitch said that part of the inspiration for the first ''[[Warcraft]]'' game, ''[[Warcraft: Orcs & Humans]]'', was based on developing a competitive multiplayer RTS that combined elements of ''[[The Lost Vikings]]'' (which he had worked on) and ''Lemmings''; Fitch said "We just went, 'Oh it's so cool when you see lots of Lemmings all over the place. Why don't we have lots of Vikings all over instead, and then the Vikings can fight each other."<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.usgamer.net/articles/warcraft-was-conceived-in-part-thanks-to-lost-vikings-and-lemmings | title = WarCraft Was Originally Conceived in Part as "Lost Vikings Meets RTS"... And Lemmings | first = Kat | last = Bailey | date = 15 August 2017 | access-date = 6 September 2017 | work = [[US Gamer]] | archive-url = https://archive.today/20170906105422/http://www.usgamer.net/articles/warcraft-was-conceived-in-part-thanks-to-lost-vikings-and-lemmings | archive-date = 6 September 2017 | url-status = live | df = dmy-all }}</ref> ''Lemmings''{{'}} introduction of RTS elements has been noted by fantasy author [[Terry Pratchett]]; in his novel ''[[Interesting Times]]'', an [[Terracotta Army|army]] of [[golem]]s is controlled in a fashion reminiscent of the ''Lemmings'' user interface. When readers asked if this was deliberate, Pratchett responded: "Merely because the red army can fight, dig, march and climb and is controlled by little icons? Can't imagine how anyone thought that... Not only did I wipe ''Lemmings'' from my hard disk, I overwrote it so I couldn't get it back."<ref name="Pratchett">{{cite web |url=http://www.lspace.org/books/apf/interesting-times.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120804004433/http://www.lspace.org/books/apf/interesting-times.html |archive-date=4 August 2012 |title=Annotated Pratchett File v 9.0 - Interesting Times |date=1 July 2005 |access-date=10 December 2014 |work=LSpace |first=Leo |last=Breebaart |url-status=dead }}</ref>

''Lemmings'' was one of six games featured in a stamp series issued by the [[Royal Mail]] in 2020 to pay tribute to the United Kingdom's early video game industry.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Alex|first1=Michael|last2=er|title=FEATURE: Iconic Dundee-made video game Lemmings is first class in new Royal Mail postage stamp collection|url=https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/lifestyle/entertainment/gadgets-games/1079186/feature-iconic-dundee-made-video-game-lemmings-is-first-class-in-new-royal-mail-postage-stamp-collection/|access-date=3 June 2021|website=The Courier|date=15 January 2020 |language=en-GB |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122104046/https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/lifestyle/entertainment/gadgets-games/1079186/feature-iconic-dundee-made-video-game-lemmings-is-first-class-in-new-royal-mail-postage-stamp-collection/ |archive-date=22 January 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>

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