Editing Lady Margaret Beaufort (section)

==Legacy==
[[File:John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|[[John Fisher]], Margaret's chaplain and confessor from 1497 until her death. [[Hans Holbein the Younger]], [[Royal Collection]]]]
{{Cquote|She was bounteous and lyberal to every Person of her Knowledge or acquaintance. Avarice and Covetyse she most hated, and sorowed it full moche in all persons, but specially in ony that belong'd unto her. She was of syngular Easyness to be spoken unto, and full curtayse answere she would make to all that came unto her. Of marvayllous gentyleness she was unto all folks, but specially unto her owne, whom she trustede, and loved ryghte tenderly. Unkynde she woulde not be unto no creature, ne forgetful of ony kyndeness or servyce done to her before, which is no lytel part of veray nobleness. She was not vengeable ne cruell, but redy anone to forgete and to forgyve injuryes done unto her, at the least desyre or mocyon made unto her for the same. Mercyfull also and pyteous she was unto such as was greyved and wrongfully troubled, and to them that were in Poverty and sekeness, or any other mysery.
|4=[[John Fisher]], 1509, extract from funeral sermon<ref>{{Citation |title=The Funeral Sermon of Margaret, Countess of Richmond and Derby, Mother to Henry VII, and Foundress of Christ's and St John's College in Cambridge, Preached by Bishop Fisher in 1509 |date=1840 |editor-last=John Hymers |publisher=Cambridge University Press}}</ref>}}

Lady Margaret Beaufort was a lifelong artistic patron and supporter of academia.
[[File:Rivers & Caxton Presenting book to Edward IV.JPG|thumb|upright=1.6|left|[[Presentation miniature]] of ''[[Dictes and Sayings of the Philosophers]]'', the earliest dated book printed in the English language, by [[William Caxton]]. The miniature depicts [[Anthony Woodville]] presenting the book to [[Edward IV]], accompanied by his wife [[Elizabeth Woodville]], his son [[Edward V of England|Edward, Prince of Wales]] and his brother [[Richard III|Richard, Duke of Gloucester]]]]

While married to Lord Stanley Margaret endowed the building of chapels in Wales. Like Edward IV and his court, she was also involved with the advances in printing of [[William Caxton]] and his successor [[Wynkyn de Worde]], not only as a patroness but for her own acquisition. The first book she commissioned from Caxton in 1483 was the 13th-century French romance ''Blanchardin et Eglantine'', which mirrored fairly closely the match she was forging in secret between her son Henry and Elizabeth of York, with the aid of Elizabeth Woodville, then in sanctuary from Richard III in Westminster Abbey. Six years later, after Richard's defeat by Henry at Bosworth, she commissioned an English translation of the romance from Caxton: it heralded the beginning of a period of Tudor patronage. Apart from encouraging book production and building her own library, Margaret also achieved considerable success as a translator, becoming the first English translator of the ''Imitation of Christ'' known by name, as well as translating the 15th-century Netherlandish treatise ''The Mirror of Gold for the Sinful Soul'' from a French intermediary.<ref name="Jones 1993 pages=181–84"/>

In 1497 she announced her intention to build a free school for the general public of [[Wimborne]]. Following her death in 1509, Wimborne Grammar School came into existence, to become [[Queen Elizabeth's School, Wimborne Minster]].<ref name="Moran2014">{{Cite book |last=Jo Ann Hoeppner Moran |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U9L_AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA162 |title=The Growth of English Schooling, 1340–1548: Learning, Literacy, and Laicization in Pre-Reformation York Diocese |date=2014 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-1-4008-5616-9 |pages=162ff}}</ref>
[[File:Trinity College University of Cambridge Cambridge England Britain UK United Kingdom United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (27329529588).jpg|thumb|upright=.9|The Great Gate of [[St. John's College, Cambridge]]]]
In 1502 she established the [[Lady Margaret's Professor of Divinity|Lady Margaret's Professorship of Divinity]] at the University of Cambridge.<ref name="Jones 1993 pages=218–219">{{Harvnb|Jones|Underwood|1993|pages=218–219}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Collinson|Rex|Stanton|2003}}</ref> In 1505 she refounded and enlarged God's House, Cambridge as [[Christ's College, Cambridge]] with a royal charter from the king. She has been honoured ever since as the Foundress of the college. A copy of her signature can be found carved on one of the buildings (4 staircase, 1994) within the college. In 1511, [[St. John's College, Cambridge]] was founded by her estate, either at her direct behest or at the suggestion of her chaplain, John Fisher. Land that she owned around [[Great Bradley]] in Suffolk was bequeathed to St. John's upon its foundation. Her portraits hang in the Great Halls and other college rooms of both Christ's and St. John's, accompanied by portraits of John Fisher. Unusually, both colleges have the same coats of arms, using her crest and motto. Furthermore, various societies, including the Lady Margaret Society as well as the Beaufort Club at Christ's, and the [[Lady Margaret Boat Club]] at John's, were named after her.<ref name="Cooper1861">{{Cite book |last=Charles Henry Cooper |url=https://archive.org/details/memorialscambri01coopgoog |title=Memorials of Cambridge: St. Peter's College |publisher=W. Metcalfe |date=1861 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/memorialscambri01coopgoog/page/n33 9]ff}}</ref>

In 1540, funds she had bequeathed endowed a lectureship in divinity at the [[University of Oxford]], first held by John Roper; it became the [[Lady Margaret Professorship of Divinity]], held concurrently with a canonship at [[Christ Church, Oxford]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Collinson|Rex|Stanton|2003|page=21}}</ref><ref name="Jones 1993 pages=218–219"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lady Margaret Professorship of Divinity, Christ Church, Oxford |url=http://www.ox.ac.uk/media/global/wwwoxacuk/localsites/currentvacancies/furtherparticularsforprofessorships/Lady_Margaret_Professorship_of_Divinity.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113020114/http://www.ox.ac.uk/media/global/wwwoxacuk/localsites/currentvacancies/furtherparticularsforprofessorships/Lady_Margaret_Professorship_of_Divinity.pdf |archive-date=13 November 2018 |access-date=23 June 2016 |publisher=[[University of Oxford]]}}</ref> [[Lady Margaret Hall]], the first [[women's college]] at the University of Oxford (founded in 1878), was named in her honour.<ref name="JonesUnderwood1993">{{Cite book |last1=Michael K. Jones |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dV4NDnis7yQC&pg=PA13 |title=The King's Mother: Lady Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby |last2=Malcolm G. Underwood |date= 1993 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-5214-4794-2 |pages=13ff}}</ref>

A practical woman, when faced with problems of flooding in parts of the Fens that threatened some of her properties, she was able to initiate an ambitious drainage scheme, involving foreign engineers, that saw the construction of a large sluice at Boston.<ref>[http://www.historytoday.com/michael-jones/lady-margaret-beaufort#sthash.ayB0MNEs.dpuf Profile], historytoday.com; accessed 24 March 2016.</ref> She funded the restoration of [[Church of All Saints, Martock]] in Somerset, and the construction of the church tower.<ref name="robionsonwj">{{Cite book |last=Robinson |first=W.J. |title=West Country Churches |publisher=Bristol Times and Mirror Ltd |date=1915 |location=Bristol |pages=6–10}}</ref>

Margaret Beaufort Middle School (formerly Margaret Beaufort County Secondary Modern School) in [[Riseley, Bedfordshire]], near her birthplace at [[Bletsoe Castle]], is named after her.<ref>[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=004-sdrismb&cid=-1#-1 National Archives. SD Margaret Beaufort Middle School, Riseley]. Accessed 11 September 2013</ref> In 1993, the [[Margaret Beaufort Institute of Theology]] on [[Grange Road, Cambridge|Grange Road]], Cambridge, was founded and named in her honour. It is now a
coeducational interdenominational [[theological college]], having originally begun as a centre for training [[Catholic]] [[laywomen]] in religion and theology.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 October 2018 |title=Cambridge: Margaret Beaufort Institute of Theology celebrates Silver Jubilee |url=https://www.indcatholicnews.com/news/35816 |access-date=29 January 2022 |website=Independent Catholic News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Why Study With Us? |url=http://www.margaretbeaufort.cam.ac.uk/why-study-with-us |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219100702/http://www.margaretbeaufort.cam.ac.uk:80/why-study-with-us |archive-date=19 February 2020 |access-date=29 January 2022 |website=Margaret Beaufort Institute of Theology}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=http://www.margaretbeaufort.cam.ac.uk/about-us |access-date=29 January 2022 |website=Margaret Beaufort Institute of Theology}}</ref>