Editing LGBTQ people and Islam (section)

=== In the hadith ===
The [[hadith]] (sayings and actions attributed to Muhammad) show that [[homosexual behaviour]] was not unknown in [[Arabian Peninsula#Rise of Islam|seventh-century Arabia]].<ref name="Islamic Homosexualities"/><ref name="autogenerated1983"/> However, given that the Quran did not specify the punishment of homosexual practices, Islamic jurists increasingly turned to several "more explicit"<ref name=EoQ/><ref name="hmy"/> hadiths in an attempt to find guidance on appropriate punishment.<ref name="autogenerated1983">{{cite encyclopedia |year=1986 |title=Liwāṭ |editor1-last=Bosworth |editor1-first=C. E. |editor1-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth |editor2-last=van Donzel |editor2-first=E. J. |editor2-link=Emeri Johannes van Donzel |editor3-last=Heinrichs |editor3-first=W. P. |editor3-link=Wolfhart Heinrichs |editor4-last=Lewis |editor4-first=B. |editor5-last=Pellat |editor5-first=Ch. |editor5-link=Charles Pellat |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam#2nd edition, EI2|Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition]] |location=[[Leiden]] |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |volume=5 |doi=10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_4677 |isbn=978-90-04-16121-4}}</ref><ref name="hmy">{{cite web |author1=Mohd Izwan bin Md Yusof |display-authors=1|author2=Muhd. Najib bin Abdul Kadir |author3=Mazlan bin Ibrahim |author4=Khader bin Ahmad |author5=Murshidi bin Mohd Noor |author6=Saiful Azhar bin Saadon |title=Hadith Sahih on Behaviour of LGBT |url=http://www.islam.gov.my/images/ePenerbitan/Hadis-hadis_Sahih_Berkaitan_Perlakuan_LGBT_BI.pdf |website=islam.gov.my |publisher=[[Government of Malaysia]] |access-date=26 July 2019 |language=en |archive-date=24 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024202538/http://www.islam.gov.my/images/ePenerbitan/Hadis-hadis_Sahih_Berkaitan_Perlakuan_LGBT_BI.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{blockquote|From Abu Musa al-Ash'ari, the Prophet states that: "If a woman comes upon a woman, they are both adulteresses, if a man comes upon a man, then they are both adulterers."|Al-Tabarani in al-Mu‘jam al-Awat: 4157, Al-Bayhaqi, Su‘ab al-Iman: 5075}}

While there are no reports relating to homosexuality in the best known and authentic hadith collections of ''[[Sahih al-Bukhari]]'' and ''[[Sahih Muslim]]'', other canonical collections record a number of condemnations of the "act of the people of Lut" (male-to-male [[anal intercourse]]).<ref name=iranica-law/>

According to [[Oliver Leaman]], hadiths seem to permit homoerotic feelings as long as they are not translated into action.<ref name="Islamic Homosexualities"/><ref name="leaman">{{cite encyclopedia |first=Oliver |last=Leaman |entry=Homosexuality |encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World |editor=John L. Esposito |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |year=2009 |url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001/acref-9780195305135-e-0949 |url-access=subscription |quote=This ambiguity is reflected in the ḥadīth of the Prophet, some of which make a distinction between the partners in a homosexual act, and many of which seem to permit homoerotic feelings, as long as those feelings are not translated into action. |isbn=9780195305135 |access-date=2017-07-07 |archive-date=2017-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811201009/http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001/acref-9780195305135-e-0949 |url-status=live }}</ref> However, in one hadith attributed to Muhammad himself, which exists in multiple variants, the Islamic prophet acknowledged homoerotic temptation towards young boys and warned his [[Sahaba|Companions]] against it: "Do not gaze at the beardless youths, for verily they have eyes more tempting than the ''[[houris]]''"<ref name="Muhammad Homosexuality"/><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZEAEnGz7CLAC&pg=PA14|page=14|author=Elyse Semerdjian|title="Off the Straight Path": Illicit Sex, Law, and Community in Ottoman Aleppo|publisher=Syracuse University Press|year=2008|quote=one hadith acknowledged the temptation to indulge in sex with young men: "Do not gaze at the beardless youths, for verily they have eyes more tempting than the ''houris'' [big-eyed maidens]."|isbn=9780815631736}}</ref> or "... for verily they resemble the ''houris''".<ref name="Muhammad Homosexuality"/><ref>{{cite book|script-title=ar:كشف الخفاء ومزيل الإلباس |title=Kash Al-khafa |author=إسماعيل العجلوني(Ismail Ajlouni)|page=hadith no. 2997|quote={{lang|ar|لا تنظروا إلى المردان فإن فيهم لمحة من الحور}}}} (cf. [[Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic]] 3rd ed. p. 878: {{lang|ar|فيه لمحة من ابيه}} = he looks like his father)</ref> These beardless youths are also described as wearing sumptuous robes and having perfumed hair.<ref name="Muhammad Homosexuality"/><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=Homosexuality and Religion: An Encyclopedia|title=Islam|author=Elyse Semerdjian|page=131|editor=Jeffrey S. Siker|publisher=Greenwood Press|year=2007|quote=The Prophet also issued warnings such as "do not gaze at the beardless youths, for verily they have eyes more tempting than the houris" (Wright, 7). These beardless boys are also described as wearing sumptuous robes and having perfumed hair.}}</ref> Consequently, Islamic religious leaders, skeptical of Muslim men's capacity of self-control over their sexual urges, have forbidden looking and yearning both at males and females.<ref name="Islamic Homosexualities"/>

In addition, there is a number of "purported (but mutually inconsistent) reports" (''athar'') of punishments of sodomy ordered by some of the early [[caliphs]].<ref name=iranica-law/><ref name="Muhammad Homosexuality"/> [[Abu Bakr]] apparently recommended toppling a wall on the culprit, or else [[Death by burning|burning him alive]],<ref name="Muhammad Homosexuality"/> while [[Ali ibn Abi Talib]] is said to have ordered death by stoning for one sodomite and had another thrown head-first from the top of the highest building in the town; according to [[Ibn Abbas]], the latter punishment must be followed by [[Stoning in Islam|stoning]].<ref name="autogenerated1983"/><ref name="Muhammad Homosexuality"/>

There are, however, fewer hadith mentioning homosexual behaviour in women;<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|author1=Al-Hurr al-Aamili|author-link1=Al-Hurr al-Aamili|title=Wasā'il al-Shīʿa|title-link=Wasā'il al-Shīʿa|script-title=ar: وسائل الشيعة|trans-title=Things of the followers|language=ar|at=Hadith number 34467-34481}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Atighetchi|first1=Dariusch|title=Islamic bioethics problems and perspectives|date=2007|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|location=New York|isbn=9781402049620|page=149|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tdm9V89lW3IC&pg=PA149|access-date=13 July 2017|language=en|archive-date=19 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419034034/https://books.google.com/books?id=Tdm9V89lW3IC&pg=PA149|url-status=live}}</ref>
but punishment (if any) for [[lesbianism]] was not clarified.