Editing Kragujevac (section)

==Geography and infrastructure==
Kragujevac lies {{convert|180|m|ft|0|abbr=off}} [[Above mean sea level|above sea level]].<ref name="priv">{{cite web |title=21 Oktobar Kragujevac |url=https://privatizacija.privreda.gov.rs/upload/document/21_oktobar_kragujevac_soc.pdf |website=privatizacija.privreda.gov.rs |publisher=Privatization Agency of the Republic of Serbia |access-date=18 May 2022 |archive-date=27 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230727000303/https://privatizacija.privreda.gov.rs/upload/document/21_oktobar_kragujevac_soc.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The coordinates of the city are 44°00'36.3 N and 20°55'01.9 E. It is located in the valley of the river [[Lepenica (Great Morava)|Lepenica]]. The city covers an area of {{convert|835|km2|0|abbr=out}}, surrounded by the slopes of the [[Rudnik (mountain)|Rudnik]], [[Crni Vrh (Jagodina)|Crni Vrh]], and [[Gledić mountains]].<ref name="priv" /> Kragujevac is the traditional centre of [[Šumadija]], a region characterized by its rolling hills and fertile orchards.<ref name="priv" />

<gallery mode="packed">
File:Image-of-Sumadija-2.jpg|''Kragujevac is centre of [[Šumadija]] region''
File:Strogi prirodni rezervat Veliki Sturac, planina Rudnik 01.jpg|''National Reserve Veliki Sturac, Mountain Rudnik''
File:Monuments on Metino Brdo 07.jpg|Metino Brdo view
File:
</gallery>

===Cityscape===
The architecture of Kragujevac displays a fusion of many different styles. Historically, Ottoman (nowadays almost completely gone) and 19th century [[Vienna Secession]] style architecture have played an important role in the city's landscape.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kucacolovica.com/en/kragujevac-city-tour.html|title=Kragujevac-City Tour – Kuća Čolovića|publisher=Kucacolovica.com|access-date=12 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310204632/http://kucacolovica.com/en/kragujevac-city-tour.html|archive-date=10 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Newer architecture dominates the city's panorama. A blend of Viennese, Balkan as well as [[Brutalist architecture|Brutalism]] is present, as showcased in the monuments to the Kragujevac massacre.<ref name="explanders">{{cite web |last1=Westmark |first1=Omri |title=A Glimpse of Kragujevac (Photography & Impressions) |url=https://explanders.com/europe-arctic-circle/serbia/kragujevac/ |website=explanders.com |date=29 October 2020 |access-date=18 May 2022 |archive-date=11 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811210302/https://explanders.com/europe-arctic-circle/serbia/kragujevac/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Post-war concrete apartment blocks built during the [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]] period are prominent.<ref name="explanders" /> Today, glass office buildings reflect the ambitious business aspirations of the city. Some important buildings in Kragujevac include:
* The "old" (or "Pridvorina") church of Descent of the Holy Spirit, built in 1818 as a part of Prince Miloš's court<ref>{{cite web |title=How Prince Milos' sharp wit allowed him to build the first church in the dukedom of Serbia |url=https://www.381info.com/en/magazine/how-prince-milos-sharp-wit-allowed-him-to-build-the-first-church-in-the-dukedom-of-serbia |website=381info.com |date=17 June 2020 |access-date=18 May 2022 |archive-date=28 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928220047/https://www.381info.com/en/magazine/how-prince-milos-sharp-wit-allowed-him-to-build-the-first-church-in-the-dukedom-of-serbia |url-status=live }}</ref>
* The Old Parliament, built in the court of the church where the first parliamentary meeting was held in 1859
* [[The Amidža Konak]], built by Prince Miloš as a residential house (now exhibition) and an example of regional Serbian architecture<ref>{{cite book |last1=Trajković |first1=Ljubica D. |title=Serbie |date=1956 |publisher=La Presse Touristique |page=221}}</ref>
* The Prince Mihailo Konak, built in 1860 to blend local tradition with European architectural concepts and now the National Museum
* The grammar school (''gimnazija''), built between 1885 and 1887 in European style to serve as the first educational institution of its kind in Serbia, educating prominent Serbian figures such as [[Svetozar Marković]], [[Nikola Pašić]], and [[Radomir Putnik]]

The Upper (Great) Park is the largest park in Kragujevac. It was established in 1898. It is covered with more than {{convert|10|ha|0|abbr=out}} of greenery, and a dense canopy of century-old trees, renovated walkways and benches are the right place for rest, walk and relaxation. In the park and its immediate vicinity there are sports facilities for basketball, football, volleyball, tennis, and indoor and outdoor swimming pools.<ref name="explanders" /> Lower (Small) Park is located in the city centre, within the Milos Wreath complex. At its centre there is a monument to the Fallen People of [[Šumadija]]. The Ilina Voda park, a legacy of Svetozar Andrejević, was established in 1900. It covers an area of {{convert|7|ha|0|abbr=out}}.

There is a fountain with a small waterfall, five mini lakes connected by a small stream, and a small zoo with about 100 animals and a garden with various types of trees characteristic of Šumadija. The curiosity in the park is the largest sculpture of Easter eggs ({{convert|3|m|0|abbr=out}} high) in [[Europe]] and the second in the [[world]]; made from recycled metal, set in 2004.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gtokg.org.rs/eng/parks/|title=Parks in Kragujevac|publisher=Tourist Organization of Kragujevac|access-date=16 December 2016|archive-date=20 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220192348/http://gtokg.org.rs/eng/parks/|url-status=live}}</ref> Scenic attractions nearby include the [[Aranđelovac]], [[Gornji Milanovac]], [[Vrnjačka Banja]], and [[Mataruška Banja]], Karađorđe's castle, the Church of Saint George in [[Topola]] {{convert|40|km|0|abbr=off}} away, the Old Kalenić monastery {{convert|55|km|0|abbr=off}} away, the resorts of Rogot ({{convert|28|km|0|abbr=on}}) and Stragari ({{convert|34|km|0|abbr=on}}) with the old Blagoveštenje and Voljavča monasteries.

<gallery mode="packed">
File:View_on_the_city.JPG|''View of Kragujevac''
File:Konak-kneza-Mihaila.jpg|''[[Mihailo Obrenović III, Prince of Serbia|House of prince Mihailo Obrenović III]]''
File:Saborni_Hram.jpg|''Kragujevac Cathedral''
File:The city square1.jpg|''Pedestrian zone''
File:La_Résidence_Amidža_à_Kragujevac.jpg|''Amidžin Konak''
</gallery>

===Transportation===
Kragujevac has developed transportation infrastructure, with a variety of road connections to the Serbian capital, Belgrade. It can be reached using Serbian IB-class roads 24 (an expressway) and 25. In the coming years, the city will also be accessible via [[Pan-European Corridor X]] or, in Serbia, the [[A1 motorway (Serbia)|A1 motorway]]. The town is also connected to nearby Jagodina and Gornji Milanovac via class IIA road numbers 170 and 176 (via Bar, Montenegro), respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gtokg.org.rs/eng/how-to-arrive/|title=How to Arrive to Kragujevac?|publisher=Tourist Organization of Kragujevac|access-date=17 December 2016|archive-date=20 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220192352/http://gtokg.org.rs/eng/how-to-arrive/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Kragujevac is connected by bus lines with almost all cities in the country. The most frequent departures (every half-hour) are to Belgrade. The central bus station is about a kilometre away from the city centre. Kragujevac can also be reached by train. The central train station is located close to the central bus station.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gtokg.org.rs/eng/how-to-arrive/|title=How to arrive to Kragujevac|publisher=Tourist Organization of Kragujevac|access-date=17 December 2016|archive-date=20 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220192352/http://gtokg.org.rs/eng/how-to-arrive/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The company responsible for [[public transportation]] in Kragujevac is the City Traffic Agency (GSA). The integrated public transport is performed by two companies: Arriva Litas and Vulović Transport. There are 22 urban bus lines and 14 lines that connect nearby rural areas operating according to established timetable.<ref>{{cite web |title=Public Transportation in Kragujevac |url=https://www.kgbus.rs/red-voznje-3/ |access-date=17 December 2016 |publisher=City Traffic Agency |archive-date=25 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525225024/https://www.kgbus.rs/red-voznje-3/ |url-status=live }}</ref> There are also 7 [[taxi]] and 3 [[rent-a-car]] companies operating in Kragujevac.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gtokg.org.rs/eng/public-transport-2/|title=Public Transportation in Kragujevac|publisher=Tourist Organization of Kragujevac|access-date=17 December 2016}}</ref> [[Car parking]] system with 10 parking lots and zoned street parking (three zones with 4,244 parking spaces) is operated by [[public service company]] Parking Service Kragujevac.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parkingservis.rs/site/|title=Parking in Kragujevac|publisher=Parking Service Kragujevac|access-date=17 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106201249/http://www.parkingservis.rs/site/|archive-date=6 November 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Climate===
Kragujevac has a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]]: ''Cfa''), and with a July mean temperature of {{convert|22.6|°C|1|abbr=on}}. Winds most often blow from southwest and northwest, while they often blow from southeast in January, February and March.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kragujevac.rs/Statisticki_podaci-53-1|title=Statistical data for Kragujevac|publisher=City of Kragujevac|access-date=17 December 2016|archive-date=23 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023012959/http://www.kragujevac.rs/Statisticki_podaci-53-1|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{Weather box
|width = auto
|location = Kragujevac (1991–2020, extremes 1961–present)
|metric first = y
|single line = y
|Jan record high C = 21.8
|Feb record high C = 25.2
|Mar record high C = 29.4
|Apr record high C = 32.0
|May record high C = 35.4
|Jun record high C = 39.4
|Jul record high C = 43.9
|Aug record high C = 40.5
|Sep record high C = 37.8
|Oct record high C = 34.7
|Nov record high C = 27.6
|Dec record high C = 21.0
|year record high C = 43.9
|Jan high C = 5.7
|Feb high C = 8.2
|Mar high C = 13.1
|Apr high C = 18.4
|May high C = 23.0
|Jun high C = 26.9
|Jul high C = 29.3
|Aug high C = 29.6
|Sep high C = 24.3
|Oct high C = 18.8
|Nov high C = 12.7
|Dec high C = 6.5
|year high C = 18.0
|Jan mean C = 1.3
|Feb mean C = 3.0
|Mar mean C = 7.1
|Apr mean C = 12.1
|May mean C = 16.7
|Jun mean C = 20.7
|Jul mean C = 22.6
|Aug mean C = 22.3
|Sep mean C = 17.3
|Oct mean C = 12.2
|Nov mean C = 7.4
|Dec mean C = 2.4
|year mean C = 12.1
|Jan low C = -2.4
|Feb low C = -1.3
|Mar low C = 2.0
|Apr low C = 6.1
|May low C = 10.5
|Jun low C = 14.4
|Jul low C = 15.9
|Aug low C = 15.6
|Sep low C = 11.6
|Oct low C = 7.2
|Nov low C = 3.3
|Dec low C = -0.9
|year low C = 6.8
|Jan record low C = -27.6
|Feb record low C = -24.4
|Mar record low C = -18.3
|Apr record low C = -5.8
|May record low C = -0.6
|Jun record low C = 2.7
|Jul record low C = 7.2
|Aug record low C = 4.6
|Sep record low C = -2.2
|Oct record low C = -6.6
|Nov record low C = -16.4
|Dec record low C = -20.7
|year record low C = -27.6
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 42.1
|Feb precipitation mm = 40.1
|Mar precipitation mm = 46.6
|Apr precipitation mm = 54.3
|May precipitation mm = 70.3
|Jun precipitation mm = 77.2
|Jul precipitation mm = 65.8
|Aug precipitation mm = 56.0
|Sep precipitation mm = 53.6
|Oct precipitation mm = 54.2
|Nov precipitation mm = 44.6
|Dec precipitation mm = 47.0
|year precipitation mm = 651.8
|Jan humidity = 79.5
|Feb humidity = 74.9
|Mar humidity = 68.5
|Apr humidity = 66.6
|May humidity = 69.4
|Jun humidity = 67.7
|Jul humidity = 64.2
|Aug humidity = 65.3
|Sep humidity = 70.7
|Oct humidity = 75.4
|Nov humidity = 76.7
|Dec humidity = 80.8
|year humidity = 71.6
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 12.8
|Feb precipitation days = 12.5
|Mar precipitation days = 11.6
|Apr precipitation days = 11.9
|May precipitation days = 13.4
|Jun precipitation days = 11.3
|Jul precipitation days = 9.3
|Aug precipitation days = 7.6
|Sep precipitation days = 9.7
|Oct precipitation days = 10.2
|Nov precipitation days = 10.7
|Dec precipitation days = 12.8
|year precipitation days = 133.8
|Jan snow days = 8.5
|Feb snow days = 7.7
|Mar snow days = 3.8
|Apr snow days = 0.7
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.1
|Nov snow days = 2.5
|Dec snow days = 6.6
|year snow days = 29.9
|Jan sun = 71.9
|Feb sun = 91.3
|Mar sun = 148.4
|Apr sun = 184.7
|May sun = 225.7
|Jun sun = 260.1
|Jul sun = 293.3
|Aug sun = 280.2
|Sep sun = 197.0
|Oct sun = 148.5
|Nov sun = 92.5
|Dec sun = 62.3
|year sun = 2055.9
|source 1 = Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia<ref name = RHSS1991>{{cite web
| url = https://www.hidmet.gov.rs/ciril/meteorologija/stanica_sr_kragujevac.php
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220420195735/https://www.hidmet.gov.rs/ciril/meteorologija/stanica_sr_kragujevac.php
| archive-date = 20 April 2022
| title= Monthly and annual means, maximum and minimum values of meteorological elements for the period 1991–2020
| language = sr
| publisher = Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia
| access-date = 20 April 2022}}</ref><ref name = RHSS1981>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720081019/http://www.hidmet.gov.rs/eng/meteorologija/stanica_sr.php?moss_id=13278 |archive-date=20 July 2021|url=http://www.hidmet.gov.rs/eng/meteorologija/stanica_sr.php?moss_id=13278|title= Monthly and annual means, maximum and minimum values of meteorological elements for the period 1981–2010|language=sr|publisher=Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia|access-date=25 February 2017}}</ref>}}