Editing Kigali (section)

== Demographics ==
[[File:Green mosque Kigali.jpg|thumb|The Green Mosque (Masjid-al-Fatah) in Nyamirambo|alt=Photograph of the mosque from the street, with a small local shop visible in the foreground]]
As of the 2012 Rwandan census, the population of Kigali was 1,132,686,{{sfn|NISR|2012a|p=10}} of which 859,332 were urban residents.{{sfn|NISR|2012a|p=10}} The population density was {{convert|1552|PD/km2|PD/sqmi}}.{{sfn|NISR|2012a|p=15}} At the time of independence in 1962, Kigali had 6,000 inhabitants, consisting primarily of those associated with the Belgian colonial residency.<ref>{{cite news |last=Tumwebaze |first=Peterson |date=26 July 2007 |title=Kigali, vast area through 100 years |work=[[The New Times (Rwanda)|The New Times]] |url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/604 |access-date=23 May 2018}}</ref> It grew considerably after being named as the independent nation's capital,{{sfn|REMA|2013|p=21}} although it remained a relatively small city until the 1970s due to government policies restricting [[urbanization|rural-to-urban migration]].<ref name="RurbanAfrica">{{cite web |url=http://rurbanafrica.ku.dk/publications/urban-briefs/rurbanafrica-state-of-the-art-report-3.pdf |pages=2–4 |publisher=[[UCPH Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management]] |title=State of the Art Report for RurbanAfrica, Work Package 3: City Dynamics |access-date=24 January 2021}}</ref> The population reached 115,000 by 1978, and 235,000 by 1991.<ref name="RurbanAfrica"/> The city lost a large fraction of its people during the 1994 genocide,{{sfn|REMA|2013|p=1}} including those killed and those who fled to neighbouring countries.<ref name="RurbanAfrica"/> From 1995 the economy began to recover and large numbers of long-term Tutsi refugees returned from Uganda.<ref name="RurbanAfrica"/> Many of these refugees settled in Kigali and other urban areas, due to difficulty in obtaining land in other parts of the country.{{sfn|REMA|2013|p=24}} This phenomenon, coupled with a high birth rate and increased rural-to-urban migration,{{sfn|REMA|2013|p=viii}} meant that Kigali reattained its previous size quite quickly and began to grow even more rapidly than before.<ref name="RurbanAfrica"/> The population exceeded 600,000 in 2002, and in the 2012 census had almost doubled to 1.13&nbsp;million, although this was in part because the administrative boundaries of the city had been expanded.{{sfn|REMA|2013|p=21}}

As of the 2012 census, 51.7 per cent of residents were male.{{refn|group=nb|From {{harvnb|NISR|2012a|p=6}}: <nowiki>586,123 / 1,132,686 = 51.7 per cent</nowiki>}} The [[Rwanda Environment Management Authority]] hypothesised that the high male-to-female ratio was due to a tendency for men to migrate to the city in search of work outside the agricultural sector, while their wives remained in a rural home.{{sfn|REMA|2013|p=29}} The population is young, with 73 per cent of residents being less than 30 years old,{{sfn|REMA|2013|p=29}} and 94 per cent under the age of 50.{{refn|group=nb|From {{harvnb|NISR|2012a|p=64}}: <nowiki>Sum of columns up to 45–49, and divide by 1,132,686</nowiki>}} The city has a higher proportion of 14–35 year olds than the Rwanda average, with 50.3 per cent versus 39.6 per cent nationwide.{{sfn|NISR|2012b|pp=107–108}} Children between birth and seventeen (i.e. < 18) years of age have a below-average share of the total, with 39.6 per cent against 47.7 per cent nationally. These differences are attributed by the [[National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda]] (NISR) to the migration of working-age Rwandans from rural to urban areas.{{sfn|NISR|2012b|pp=97–99}} Similarly, Kigali has a lower level of over-60s, with 2.6 per cent, than the Rwanda average of 4.9 per cent, also likely reflecting the tendency for non-working-age inhabitants to live rurally.{{sfn|NISR|2012b|pp=125–127}} In 2014, the proportion of people classified as living in poverty within Kigali was 15 per cent, compared with 37 per cent for Rwanda as a whole.{{sfn|UNDP|2015|p=32}} The 2012 census recorded a workforce of 487,000 in Kigali.{{sfn|REMA|2013|p=30}} The city's biggest employment sector is agriculture, fishing and forestry, covering 24 per cent of the workforce; utilities and financial services with 21 per cent; trade 20 per cent and government 12 per cent.{{sfn|REMA|2013|p=30}}

In 2018 Kigali scored 0.632 on the [[Human Development Index]] (HDI), a composite measure of life expectancy and health, education, and standard of living.<ref name="GlobalDataLab"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/human-development-index-hdi |title=Human Development Index (HDI) |publisher=[[UNDP]] |access-date=3 January 2021}}</ref> This figure had risen or remained the same every year since 1992, except during the civil war, when the figure was 0.223. It is also the highest of Rwanda's five provinces with the next highest, the Northern Province, recording an HDI of 0.531.<ref name="GlobalDataLab"/> Analysts at the [[World Bank]] attribute the gains in HDI seen across Rwanda as a whole to a "strong focus on homegrown policies and initiatives", which have accompanied economic growth.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/rwanda/overview |access-date=3 January 2021 |title=Rwanda Overview |publisher=[[World Bank]]}}</ref>

As with Rwanda as a whole, Christianity is the dominant religion in Kigali. In the 2012 census, 42.1 per cent of the city's inhabitants identified as [[Protestantism|Protestant]] with a further 9.1 per cent following [[Adventism]], which was classified separately. [[Catholicism|Catholics]] formed 36.8 per cent of the population. [[Islam in Rwanda|Islam]] is more prevalent in Kigali than elsewhere in Rwanda, with 5.7 per cent of people following the faith compared with 2.0 per cent nationwide. [[Jehovah's Witnesses]] form 1.2 per cent and other faiths 0.3 per cent, while those who profess no religion number 3.0 per cent.{{sfn|NISR|2014|p=19}}