Editing Karate (section)

==== 18th century ====
However, some believe that Kyō Ahagon's anecdote is a half-legend and that it is unclear whether he was actually a ''te'' master. In the 18th century, the names of Nishinda ''Uēkata'', Gushikawa ''Uēkata'', and Chōken Makabe are known as masters of ''te''.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Motobu |first=Choki |editor-last1=Quast |editor-first1=Andreas |translator-last1=Quast |translator-first1=Andreas |translator-last2=Motobu |translator-first2=Naoki |title=Watashi no Karatejutsu |trans-title=My Art and Skill of Karate|year=2020 |orig-year=1932 |publisher=Independently Published |isbn=9798601364751 |language=en |page=165}}</ref>

Nishinda ''Uēkata'' and Gushikawa ''Uēkata'' were martial artists active during the reign of King [[Shō Kei]] (reigned 1713–1751). Nishinda ''Uēkata'' was good at spear as well as ''te'', and Gushikawa ''Uēkata'' was also good at wooden sword (swordsmanship).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Motobu |first=Choki |editor-last1=Quast |editor-first1=Andreas |translator-last1=Quast |translator-first1=Andreas |translator-last2=Motobu |translator-first2=Naoki |title=Watashi no Karatejutsu |trans-title=My Art and Skill of Karate |year=2020 |orig-year=1932 |publisher=Independently Published |isbn=9798601364751 |language=en |page=153}}</ref>

Chōken Makabe was a man of the late 18th century. His light stature and jumping ability gave him the nickname "Makabe ''Chān-gwā''" ({{lit|little fighting cock|lk=yes}}), as he was like a ''chān'' (fighting cock). The ceiling of his house is said to have been marked by his kicking foot.<ref>{{Cite book |last = Motobu |first = Chōki |title = 私の唐手術 |trans-title = My karate Art |publisher = Tokyo Karate Promotion Association |date = 1932 |page = 83 |language = ja }}</ref>

It is known that in "Ōshima Writing" (1762), written by Yoshihiro Tobe, a Confucian scholar of the [[Tosa Domain]], who interviewed Ryukyuan samurai who had drifted to Tosa (present-day [[Kōchi Prefecture]]), there is a description of a martial art called ''kumiai-jutsu'' ({{lang|ja|組合術}}) performed by [[Kōshōkun]] (Okinawan:Kūsankū). It is believed that Kōshōkun may have been a military officer on a mission from Qing that visited Ryukyu in 1756, and some believe that karate originated with Kōshōkun.

In addition, the will (Part I: 1778, Part II: 1783) of Ryukyuan samurai Aka Pēchin Chokushki (1721–1784) mentions the name of a martial art called ''karamutō'' ({{lang|ja|からむとう}}), along with Japanese [[Jigen-ryū]] swordsmanship and [[jujutsu]], indicating that Ryukyuan samurai practiced these arts in the 18th century.<ref>{{Cite book|last = Higashionna |first = Kanjun |editor = Ryukyu Shimpo |title = 東恩納寛惇全集 |trans-title = The Complete Works of Kanjun Higashionna |volume = 5 |publisher = Daiichi Shobo |date = 1978 |page = 410 |language = ja}}</ref>

In 1609, the Japanese [[Satsuma Domain]] invaded Ryukyu and Ryukyu became its vassal state, but it continued to pay tribute to the Ming and Qing Dynasties in China. At the time, China had implemented a policy of [[sea ban]] and only traded with tributary countries, so the Satsuma Domain wanted Ryukyu to continue its tribute to benefit from it.

The envoys of the tribute mission were chosen from among the samurai class of Ryukyu, and they went to [[Fuzhou]] in Fujian and stayed there for six months to a year and a half. Government-funded and privately funded foreign students were also sent to study in Beijing or Fuzhou for several years. Some of these envoys and students studied Chinese martial arts in China. The styles of Chinese martial arts they studied are not known for certain, but it is assumed that they studied [[Fujian White Crane]] and other styles from Fujian Province.

Sōryo Tsūshin (monk Tsūshin), active during the reign of King Shō Kei, was a monk who went to the Qing Dynasty to study Chinese martial arts and was reportedly one of the best martial artists of his time in Ryukyu.<ref>{{Cite book |last = Motobu |first = Chōki |title = 私の唐手術 |trans-title = My karate Art |publisher = Tokyo Karate Promotion Association |date = 1932 |page = 82 |language = ja }}</ref>