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== History and background == David de Silva Pool describes the origin of Kaddish as "a closing [[doxology]] to an [[aggadah|Aggadic]] discourse."<ref name="Pool">Pool, D. de S., ''The Kaddish'', Sivan Press, Ltd, Jerusalem, 1909, (3rd printing, 1964). (see [[David de Sola Pool]])</ref> Most of it is written in Aramaic which, at the time of its original composition, was the [[lingua franca]] of the Jewish people. It is not composed in the vernacular Aramaic, however, but rather in a "literary, jargon Aramaic" that was used in the academies, and is identical to the dialect of the [[Targum]]im.<ref name="Pool" /> Professor {{ill|Yoel Elitzur|he|ืืืื ืืืืฆืืจ (ืืืงืจ ืืืขื ืืืืืืช)}}, however, argues that the Kaddish was originally written in Hebrew, and later translated to Aramaic to be better understood by the masses. He notes that quotations from the Kaddish in the [[Talmud]] and [[Sifrei]] are in Hebrew, and that even today some of the words are Hebrew rather than Aramaic.<ref>{{Cite news|url = https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0%2C7340%2C%20L-5301143%2C00.html|title = "ืืชืืื ืืืชืงืืฉ ืฉืื ืืืืื": ืืืืื ืงืืืฉ ืืขืืจืืช|newspaper = Ynet|date = 2 July 2018|access-date = 31 July 2018|archive-date = 31 July 2018|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180731190143/https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,|url-status = live}}</ref> The oldest version of the Kaddish is found in the ''[[Siddur]] of Rab [[Amram Gaon]]'', c. 900. "The first mention of mourners reciting Kaddish at the end of the service is in a thirteenth century halakhic writing called the [[Isaac ben Moses of Vienna|Or Zarua]]. The Kaddish at the end of the service became designated as Kaddish Yatom or Mourner's Kaddish (literally, "Orphan's Kaddish")."<ref name="jewishvirtuallibrary" /> The Kaddish was not always recited by mourners and instead became a prayer for mourners sometime between the 12th and 13th centuries when it started to be associated with a medieval legend about Rabbi Akiva who meets a dead man seeking redemption in the afterlife.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Johnson|first=George|title=Jewish Word: The Mourner's Kaddish|url=https://momentmag.com/jewish-word-the-mourners-kaddish/|website=Moment Magazine|date=30 November 2020|language=en|access-date=16 June 2021|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624195512/https://momentmag.com/jewish-word-the-mourners-kaddish/|url-status=live}}</ref> === Hebrew reconstruction === Elitzur made an attempt at reconstructing the theorized original Hebrew version of Kaddish:<ref>[of Prof. Yoel Elizur's Qadish Hebrew reconstruction]</ref> : ืึดืชึฐืึทึผืึตึผื ืึฐืึดืชึฐืงึทืึตึผืฉื ืฉึฐืืืึน ืึทืึธึผืืึนื : ืึธึผืขืึนืึธื ืฉึถืืึธึผืจึธื ืึดึผืจึฐืฆืึนื ืึน : ืึฐืชึดืืืึนืึฐ ืึทืึฐืืึผืชืึน ืึฐึผืึทืึตึผืืึถื ืึผืึดืืึตืืึถื ืึผืึฐืึทืึตึผืืึถื ืฉึถืื ืึนึผื ืึตึผืืช ืึดืฉึฐืืจึธืึตื ืึดึผืึฐืึตืจึธื ืึผืึดืึฐืึทื ืงึธืจืึนื : ืึฐืึดื ืฉึฐืืืึน ืึทืึธึผืืึนื ืึฐืืึนืจึธืึฐ ืึฐืขืึนืึธื ืึผืึฐืขืึนืึฐืึตื ืขืึนืึธืึดืื
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