Editing Joseph Lister (section)

=====Observations on the Contractile Tissue of the Iris=====
Lister's first paper,{{sfn|Lister|1853a}} written while he was still at university,{{sfn|Wrench|1913|p=30}} was published in the ''[[Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science]]'' in 1853.{{sfn|Godlee|1924|p=22}}

On 11 August 1852, Lister attended an operation at University College Hospital by Wharton Jones,{{sfn|Wrench|1913|p=29}} who presented him with a fresh slice of human [[Iris (anatomy)|iris]]. Lister took the opportunity to study the iris.{{sfn|Lister|1853a}} He reviewed existing research and studied tissue from a horse, a cat, a rabbit and a guinea pig as well as six surgical specimens from patients who had undergone eye surgery.{{sfn|Howard|2013|p=193}} Lister was unable to complete his research to his satisfaction, due to his need to pass his final examination. He offered an apology in the paper:

{{blockquote|My engagements do not allow me to carry the inquiry further at present; and my apology for offering the results of an incomplete investigation is that a contribution tending, in however small a degree, to extend our acquaintance with so important an organ as the eye, or to verify observations that may be thought doubtful, may probably be of interest to the physiologist.{{sfn|Wrench|1913|p=30}}}}

The paper advanced the work of Swiss physiologist [[Albert von Kölliker]], demonstrating the existence of two distinct muscles, the dilator and sphincter in the [[Iris (anatomy)|iris]].{{sfn|Clark|1920}} This corrected the convictions of previous researchers that there was no dilator pupillae muscle.{{sfn|Howard|2013|p=193}}