Editing Islamophobia (section)

===Contrasting views on Islam===
The Runnymede report contrasted "open" and "closed" views of Islam, and stated that the following "closed" views are equated with Islamophobia:<ref name="Runnymede1997">{{cite web |url= http://www.runnymedetrust.org/uploads/publications/pdfs/islamophobia.pdf |title= Islamophobia: A Challenge for Us All |access-date= 7 May 2014 |archive-date= 26 September 2007 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070926002939/http://www.runnymedetrust.org/uploads/publications/pdfs/islamophobia.pdf }}&nbsp;{{small|(69.7&nbsp;KB)}}, ''Runnymede Trust'', 1997.</ref>

:#Islam is seen as a monolithic bloc, static and unresponsive to change.
:#It is seen as separate and "other". It does not have values in common with other cultures, is not affected by them and does not influence them.
:#It is seen as inferior to the West. It is seen as barbaric, irrational, primitive, and [[sexist]].
:#It is seen as violent, aggressive, threatening, supportive of [[terrorism]], and engaged in a [[clash of civilizations]].
:#It is seen as a political [[ideology]], used for political or military advantage.
:#Criticisms made of "the West" by Muslims are rejected out of hand.
:#Hostility towards Islam is used to justify discriminatory practices towards Muslims and exclusion of Muslims from mainstream society.
:#Anti-Muslim hostility is seen as natural and normal.

These "closed" views are contrasted, in the report, with "open" views on Islam which, while founded on respect for Islam, permit legitimate disagreement, dialogue and critique.{{sfn|Benn|Jawad|2003|p=162}} According to Benn and Jawad, The Runnymede Trust notes that anti-Muslim discourse is increasingly seen as respectable, providing examples on how hostility towards Islam and Muslims is accepted as normal, even among those who may actively challenge other prevalent forms of discrimination.{{sfn|Benn|Jawad|2003|p=165}}