Editing Iran (section)

===Early Islamic Rule and Regional Resistance in Iran===
After the fall of the Sasanian Empire in 651, the [[Arabs]] of the [[Umayyad Caliphate]] adopted many Persian customs, especially the administrative and the court mannerisms. Arab provincial governors were undoubtedly either Persianized [[Arameans]] or ethnic Persians; certainly Persian remained the language of official business of the caliphate until the adoption of Arabic toward the end of the seventh century.<ref>Hawting G., ''The First Dynasty of Islam. The Umayyad Caliphate AD 661–750'', (London) 1986, pp. 63–64</ref> 

However, all of Iran was still not under Arab control, and the region of [[Daylam]] was under the control of the [[Daylamites]], while [[Tabaristan]] was under [[Dabuyid dynasty|Dabuyid]] and [[Paduspanids|Paduspanid]] control, and the [[Mount Damavand]] region under [[Masmughans of Damavand]]. The Arabs had invaded these regions several times but achieved no decisive result because of the inaccessible terrain of the regions. The most prominent ruler of the Dabuyids, known as [[Farrukhan the Great]] (r. 712–728), managed to hold his domains during his long struggle against the Arab general [[Yazid ibn al-Muhallab]], who was defeated by a combined Dailamite-Dabuyid army, and was forced to retreat from Tabaristan.<ref>Pourshariati (2008), pp. 312–313</ref>

[[File:Saffarids 900ad.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|The [[Saffarid dynasty]] in 900 AD]]
[[File:Iran circa 1000AD.png|thumb|upright=1.2|Map of the Iranian dynasties in the mid 10th-century]]