Editing Ionia (section)

===First Achaemenid rule===
{{Main|Ionia (satrapy)}}
[[File:Xerxes I tomb Ionian soldier circa 470 BCE cleaned up.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|Ionian soldier of the Achaemenid army, {{Circa|480 BCE}}.]]
The defeat of Croesus by [[Cyrus the Great]] was followed by the conquest of all the Ionian cities in 547 BC.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_TzjAQAAQBAJ&q=ionian+revolt+547+BC&pg=PA261|title=Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece|isbn=9781136787997|last=Wilson|first=Nigel|date=31 October 2013|publisher=Routledge}}</ref> These became subject to the Persian monarchy with the other Greek cities of Asia, forming part of the satrapy of Lydia. In this position they enjoyed a considerable amount of autonomy, but were subject to local despots (called "[[tyrant]]s"), who were loyal to the Persian king.

Art and archaeology show that Ionia was characterised by "openness and adaptability" towards the Lydians, Persians, and their eastern neighbours in this period. Lydian products and luxury objects were widespread.{{sfn|Hallmannsecker|2022|p=17}}

The Persians used "Yaunā" (Ionian) as a catch-all term for all Greeks, dividing them into "Yaunā of the mainland" in Asia Minor, "Yaunā dwelling by the sea" in the Aegean islands, "Yaunā dwelling across the sea" in the Greek mainland, and "Yaunā with shields on their heads" in Macedonia.{{sfn|Hallmannsecker|2022|p=17}}

====Ionian revolt====
It was at the instigation of one of the tyrants, [[Histiaeus of Miletus]], that in about 500 BC the principal cities ignited the [[Ionian Revolt]] against Persia. They were at first assisted by the Athenians and [[Eretria]], with whose aid they penetrated into the interior and burnt Sardis, an event which ultimately led to the [[Greco-Persian Wars|Persian invasion of Greece]]. But the fleet of the Ionians was defeated off the island of [[Battle of Lade|Lade]], and the destruction of Miletus after a protracted siege was followed by the reconquest of all the Asiatic Greeks, insular as well as continental.<ref name="Ionia"/>