Editing Internet backbone (section)

===Egypt===
During the [[2011 Egyptian revolution]], the government of [[Egypt]] shut down the four major ISPs on January&nbsp;27,&nbsp;2011 at approximately 5:20&nbsp;p.m.&nbsp;EST.<ref name=wired>{{cite magazine|last=Singel|first=Ryan|title=Egypt Shut Down Its Net With a Series of Phone Calls|url=https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/01/egypt-isp-shutdown/|magazine=Wired|access-date=30 April 2011|date=28 January 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501183804/http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/01/egypt-isp-shutdown|archive-date=1 May 2011}}</ref> The networks had not been physically interrupted, as the Internet transit traffic through Egypt was unaffected. Instead, the government shut down the [[Border Gateway Protocol]]&nbsp;(BGP) sessions announcing local routes. BGP is responsible for routing traffic between ISPs.<ref>{{cite web|last=Van Beijnum|first=Iljitsch|title=How Egypt did (and your government could) shut down the Internet|url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2011/01/how-egypt-or-how-your-government-could-shut-down-the-internet.ars|website=Ars Technica|date=30 January 2011 |access-date=30 April 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110426155523/http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2011/01/how-egypt-or-how-your-government-could-shut-down-the-internet.ars|archive-date=26 April 2011}}</ref>

Only one of Egypt's ISPs was allowed to continue operations. The ISP Noor Group provided connectivity only to Egypt's stock exchange as well as some government ministries.<ref name=wired /> Other ISPs started to offer free dial-up Internet access in other countries.<ref>{{cite web|last=Murphy|first=Kevin|title=DNS not to blame for Egypt blackout|date=28 January 2011 |url=http://domainincite.com/dns-not-to-blame-for-egypt-blackout/|publisher=Domain Incite|access-date=30 April 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110404013457/http://domainincite.com/dns-not-to-blame-for-egypt-blackout/|archive-date=4 April 2011}}</ref>