Editing Initiation (section)

===Gang===
[[Gang]]s often require new members to commit crimes before accepting them as part of the gang.<ref name=maryland>Maryland gangs.[http://gangs.umd.edu/wfrmByLocationDetail.aspx?county=Harford Associated Gangs in this county] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016135802/http://gangs.umd.edu/wfrmByLocationDetail.aspx?county=Harford |date=2007-10-16 }}.</ref><ref name=vlad>{{cite web|url=https://www.vladsokhin.com/work/crying-meri/|title=Crying Meri|publisher=Vlad Sokhin|access-date=12 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/local/2008/11/26/ce_bar_killing_1126.ART_ART_11-26-08_B5_DLC0U89.html|title=Man, 18, gets life in prison for murder|last1=Coolidge|first1=Sharon|date=November 26, 2008|work=The Cincinnati Enquirer|access-date=November 26, 2008|publisher=GateHouse Media, Inc.|agency=The Columbia Dispatch|archive-date=September 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190909222247/https://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/local/2008/11/26/ce_bar_killing_1126.ART_ART_11-26-08_B5_DLC0U89.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
New members may be physically beaten by fellow gang members to demonstrate their courage, also known as "beat-in" or "jump-in", which occasionally results in a fatality.<ref name=maryland/><ref>James M Klatell. [https://www.cbsnews.com/news/exclusive-gangs-spreading-in-the-military/ Exclusive: Gangs Spreading In The Military]</ref> One study indicates that young people are more likely to be hurt in gang initiation than they are by refusing to join.<ref>Jeff Grabmeier. [http://researchnews.osu.edu/archive/joingang.htm TEENS CAN REFUSE GANG MEMBERSHIP WITHOUT SERIOUS HARM, STUDY SAYS]. Ohio State University. Dec 18, 1998.</ref> Female members may be required to have sex with male members as a form of initiation, also known as "sex in", though they may also be "jumped-in" like their male counterparts. One study shows that female members who were "sexed-in" as part of gang initiation were thereafter viewed with lower respect than those that were "jumped-in", even when promised they would become full-fledged members.<ref>Burris-Kitchen, D. (1997). Female Gang Participation. [[Lewiston, New York]]: [[Edwin Mellen Press]].</ref> Another study found that sexed-in members face greater risks of sexual exploitation and [[Gang rape|abuse]] by fellow male members.<ref name=Miller2002>Miller, J. (2002). Young Women in Street Gangs: Risk Factors, Delinquency, and Victimization Risk. National Crime Journal, Ch.3></ref>