Editing Import substitution industrialization (section)

=== Implementation ===
In all of the countries that adopted ISI, the state oversaw and managed its implementation, designing economic policies that directed development towards the indigenous population, with the aim of creating an industrialised economy. The [[Nigerian Enterprises Promotion Decree|1972 Nigerian Enterprises Promotion Decree]] exemplified such control, as it required foreign companies to offer at least 40% of their equity shares to local people.  A state-controlled economy has been criticized by scholars such as Douglas North who claim that the interests of political elites may be self-serving, rather than for the good of the nation.<ref>{{cite book |first=Douglas|last=North |title=Structure and Change in Economic History |date=1985 |publisher=North and Co}}</ref> That correlates with the theory of [[neo-patrimonialism]], which claims that post-colonial elites used the coercive powers of the state to maintain their political positions and to increase their personal wealth.<ref>{{cite journal |first=Daniel C.|last=Bach |title=Patrimonialism and neopatrimonialism: comparative trajectories and readings |journal=Commonwealth & Comparative Politics |date=2011 |page=281}}</ref>   Ola Olson opposes that view by arguing that in a developing economy, the government is the only actor with the financial and political means to unify the state apparatus behind an industrialization process.<ref>{{cite journal |first=S.|last=Wangwe |title=The performance of the manufacturing sector in Tanzania: Challenges and the way forward |journal=WIDER Working Paper No. 2014/085. |date=2014 |page=31}}</ref>