Editing IBM 7090 (section)

==Notable applications==
[[Image:NASAComputerRoom7090.NARA.jpg|thumb|280px|Dual 7090s at NASA during [[Project Mercury]].]]

*The [[Compatible Time-Sharing System]] (CTSS), the first general purpose [[time-sharing]] operating system,<ref>{{cite report |last1=Singh |first1=Jai P. |last2=Morgan |first2=Robert P. |date=October 1971 |title=Educational Computer Utilization and Computer Communications |url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED057575.pdf |publisher=Washington University |location=St. Louis, MO |id=National Aeronautics and Space Administration Grant No. Y/NGL-26-008-054 |page=13 |access-date=March 8, 2022 |quote=Much of the early development in the time-sharing field took place on university campuses.<sup>8</sup> Notable examples are the CTSS (Compatible Time-Sharing System) at MIT, which was the first general purpose time-sharing system...}}</ref> developed at [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]]'s Computation Center on three successive computers, an IBM 709, 7090 and 7094 with [[Request price quotation|RPQs]] for additional features. It eventually ran on two separate 7094s, one of them at [[MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory#Project MAC|Project MAC]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://people.csail.mit.edu/saltzer/Multics/CTSS-Documents/RPQs/RPQs.html |title=IBM 7094 Hardware Modifications for CTSS (RPQs) |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=n.d. |publisher=[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] |access-date=March 29, 2022}}</ref><ref name=7094CTSS>[http://multicians.org/thvv/7094.html The IBM 7094 and CTSS] Also contains links to many original CTSS documents</ref><ref name="ctsspg69">{{cite web |url=http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/mit/ctss/CTSS_ProgrammersGuide_Dec69.pdf |title=The Compatible Time-Sharing System, A Programmer's Guide |editor-last=Crisman |editor-first=P.A. |date=December 31, 1969 |publisher=The M.I.T Computation Center |access-date=March 10, 2022}}</ref>
*It was the first computer to sing, singing "[[Daisy Bell]]".
*[[NASA]] used 7090s, and, later, 7094s to control the [[Project Mercury|Mercury]] and [[Project Gemini|Gemini]] space flights. [[Goddard Space Flight Center]] operated three 7094s. During the early [[Project Apollo|Apollo Program]], a 7094 was kept operational to run flight planning software that had not yet been ported to mission control's newer [[System/360]] computers. {{Citation needed|date=June 2010}}
*Caltech/NASA [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]] had three 7094s in the Space Flight Operations Facility (SFOF, building 230), fed via tape using several 1401s, and two 7094/7044 direct-coupled systems (in buildings 125 and 156). {{underdiscussion-inline|Re: Notable applications: JPL}}
*Erhard Glatzel used an IBM 7090 to assist in calculations for the design of the [[Carl Zeiss Planar 50mm f/0.7]] lens commissioned by NASA. This lens was also used by [[Stanley Kubrick]] to shoot candlelit scenes in [[Barry Lyndon]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.marcocavina.com/omaggio_a_kubrick.htm | title=Omaggio All }}</ref> 
*An IBM 7090 was installed at LASL, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (Now [[Los Alamos National Laboratory]]).
*In 1961, Alexander Hurwitz used a 7090 to discover two [[Mersenne prime]]s, with 1,281 and 1,332 digits—the [[largest known prime number]] at the time.
*In 1961, [[Michael Minovitch]] used [[University of California, Los Angeles|UCLA]]'s 7090 to tackle the [[three-body problem]]. His research was the scientific foundation of [[NASA]]'s [[Planetary Grand Tour]] project.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-20033940 |title=The maths that made Voyager possible |first1=Christopher |last1=Riley |first2=Dallas |last2=Campbell |work=[[BBC News]] |date=October 23, 2012 }}</ref>
*On February 13, 1961, an IBM 7090 was installed at the Woomera Long Range Weapons Establishment in Southern Australia.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Fire Across the Desert: Woomera and the Anglo-Australian Joint Project 1946-1980|last=Morton|first=Peter|publisher=Australian Government Publishing Service|year=1989|isbn=0644475005|location=Canberra}} </ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Morton |first1=Peter |title=Fire across the Desert : Woomera and the Anglo-Australian Joint Project 1946-1980 |date=1989 |publisher=AGPS Press |location=Canberra |isbn=0-6481804-0-9 |url=https://www.dst.defence.gov.au/publication/fire-across-the-desert |format=PDF Digitised 2017}}</ref>
*In 1962, a pair of 7090s in [[Briarcliff Manor, New York]], were the basis for the original version of the [[Sabre (computer system)|SABRE]] airlines reservation system introduced by American Airlines.
*The composer [[Iannis Xenakis]] wrote his piece "Atrées" using an IBM 7090 at [[Place Vendôme]], Paris.
*In 1962, [[Daniel Shanks]] and [[John Wrench]] used an IBM 7090 to compute the first 100,000 digits of {{pi}}.<ref name="Shanks & Wrench">{{Cite journal|last1=Shanks|first1=D.|last2=Wrench Jr.|first2=J. W.|author2-link=John Wrench|year=1962|title=Calculation of {{pi}} to 100,000 decimals|journal=Mathematics of Computation|publisher=American Mathematical Society|volume=16|issue=77|pages=76–99|doi=10.2307/2003813|jstor=2003813|author1-link=Daniel Shanks}}.</ref>
*In 1963, three 7090 systems were imported into and installed in Japan, one each at Mitsubishi Nuclear Power Co. (whose DP division later merged with [[Mitsubishi Research Institute, Inc.]]), IBM Japan's [[data center]] in [[Tokyo]], and [[Toshiba]] in [[Kawasaki, Kanagawa|Kawasaki]]. They were mainly used for scientific computing.
*In 1964, an early version of [[TRACE (computer program)|TRACE]], a high-precision [[orbit determination]] and orbit propagation program, was used on an IBM 7090 computer.<ref>{{cite book|last=Mercer|first=R. J.|title=Trace. Aerospace Orbit Determination Program|date=1964|publisher=Defense Technical Information Center|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dj-ytgAACAAJ}}</ref>
*[[Operation Match]], the first computer dating service in the U.S., begun in 1965, used a 7090 at the Avco service bureau in Wilmington, Massachusetts.<ref name="crimson">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/1965/11/3/operation-match-pif-you-stop-to/|title=Operation Match|last=Mathews|first=T. Jay|date=November 3, 1965|website=The Harvard Crimson|access-date=July 22, 2020}}</ref>
*In 1967, Roger N. Shepard adapted M.V. Mathews' algorithm using an IBM 7090 to synthesize [[Shepard tone]]s.<ref>{{cite journal | author=Roger N. Shepard | author-link=Roger N. Shepard | title=Circularity in Judgements of Relative Pitch | journal=Journal of the Acoustical Society of America | volume=36 | issue=12 |date=December 1964 | pages=2346–53 | doi=10.1121/1.1919362 | bibcode=1964ASAJ...36.2346S | url=http://scitation.aip.org/docserver/fulltext/asa/journal/jasa/36/12/1.1919362.pdf?expires=1395757814&id=id&accname=408113&checksum=959B1C96D5DC3407A04C0568AE8A418D }}</ref>
*American composer [[Gerald Strang]] used the 7090/7094 for his series of works under the title ''Compusition'', composed between 1969 and 1972 at [[Bell Labs]].
*The US Air Force retired its last 7090s in service from the [[Ballistic Missile Early Warning System]] ("BMEWS") in the 1980s after almost 30 years of use. 7090 serial number 1 and serial number 3 were installed at [[Thule Air Base]] in [[Greenland]] for this application.
*The US Navy continued to use a 7094 at [[Pacific Missile Test Center]], [[Point Mugu]], [[California]] through much of the 1980s, although a "retirement" ceremony was held in July 1982.  Not all of the applications had been {{clarify span|text=ported|explain=Did they port or re-write?|date=April 2022}} to its {{clarify span|text=successor,|explain=Is the CDC Cyber 175 a successor or a replacement?|date=April 2022}} a dual-processor [[CDC Cyber]] 175.{{cite needed|date=April 2022}}

=== In the media ===

* A 7090/1401 installation is featured in the motion picture ''[[Dr. Strangelove]]'', with the [[IBM 1403|1403 printer]] playing a pivotal role in the plot
* An IBM 7090 is featured in the 2016 American biographical film ''[[Hidden Figures]].''
* IBM 7094 specs are visible scrolling on a screen in the 1997 film ''[[Event Horizon (film)|Event Horizon]]''.