Editing Hypnosis (section)

=== Hypnotherapy ===
{{Main|Hypnotherapy}}
{{POV section|date=January 2019}}
Hypnotherapy is a use of hypnosis in psychotherapy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/treatment/hypnotherapy|title=Hypnotherapy &#124; University of Maryland Medical Center|date=27 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130627092448/https://umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/treatment/hypnotherapy |archive-date=27 June 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.asch.com.au/general-public/faq#6|title=Australian Society of Clinical Hypnotherapists|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126162841/https://www.asch.com.au/general-public/faq#6|archive-date=26 January 2016}}</ref> It is used by licensed physicians, psychologists, and others. Physicians and psychologists may use hypnosis to treat depression, anxiety, [[eating disorder]]s, [[sleep disorder]]s, [[Problem gambling|compulsive gambling]], [[phobias]] and [[Post-traumatic stress disorder|post-traumatic stress]],<ref name="PregnantMan">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O_cEAAAACAAJ|title=The Pregnant Man: Tales from a Hypnotherapist's Couch|author=Deirdre Barrett|publisher=NY: Times Books/Random House|edition=1998/hardback, 1999 paper|isbn=978-0-8129-2905-8|date=1998|access-date=7 November 2015|archive-date=2 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702163828/https://books.google.com/books?id=O_cEAAAACAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Assen Alladin|title=Cognitive hypnotherapy: an integrated approach to the treatment of emotional disorders|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B0hMPgAACAAJ|access-date=30 October 2011|year=2008|publisher=J. Wiley|isbn=978-0-470-03251-0|archive-date=2 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702163814/https://books.google.com/books?id=B0hMPgAACAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> while certified hypnotherapists who are not physicians or psychologists often treat smoking and weight management. Hypnotherapy was historically used in psychiatric and legal settings to enhance the recall of repressed or degraded memories, but this application of the technique has declined as scientific evidence accumulated that hypnotherapy can increase confidence in [[false memories]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lynn |first1=Steven Jay |title=Myths and misconceptions about hypnosis and suggestion: Separating fact and fiction |journal=Applied Cognitive Psychology |date=11 August 2020 |volume=34 |issue=6 |page=1260 |doi=10.1002/acp.3730 |s2cid=225412389 |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/acp.3730 |access-date=27 September 2022 |archive-date=27 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927160328/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/acp.3730 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Hypnotherapy is viewed as a helpful adjunct by proponents, having additive effects when treating psychological disorders, such as these, along with scientifically proven [[Cognitive therapy|cognitive therapies]].  The effectiveness of hypnotherapy has not yet been accurately assessed,<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Flammer | first1=Erich | last2=Bongartz | first2=Walter |name-list-style=vanc | title=On the efficacy of hypnosis: a meta-analytic study | journal=Contemporary Hypnosis | publisher=Wiley | volume=20 | issue=4 | year=2006 | issn=0960-5290 | doi=10.1002/ch.277 | pages=179–197 |url=http://www.hypnose-kikh.de/content/Metaanalyse-Flammer-2004.pdf |language=en |access-date=11 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222004606/http://www.hypnose-kikh.de/content/Metaanalyse-Flammer-2004.pdf |archive-date=22 February 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and, due to the lack of evidence indicating any level of efficiency,<ref name="Barnes, J. 2019">{{cite journal | last1=Barnes | first1=Joanne | last2=McRobbie | first2=Hayden | last3=Dong | first3=Christine Y | last4=Walker | first4=Natalie | last5=Hartmann-Boyce | first5=Jamie |name-list-style=vanc | title=Hypnotherapy for smoking cessation | journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | publisher=Wiley | volume=2019 | issue=6 | date=2019-06-14 | pages=CD001008 | issn=1465-1858 | doi=10.1002/14651858.cd001008.pub3 | doi-access=free | pmid=31198991 | pmc=6568235 }}</ref> it is regarded as a type of [[alternative medicine]] by numerous reputable medical organisations, such as the [[National Health Service]].<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-roles/wider-healthcare-team/roles-wider-healthcare-team/clinical-support-staff/complementary-and-alternative-medicine-cam| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180626164403/https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-roles/wider-healthcare-team/roles-wider-healthcare-team/clinical-support-staff/complementary-and-alternative-medicine-cam| archive-date = 26 June 2018| title = Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) {{!}} Health Careers}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hypnotherapy/|title = Hypnotherapy|date = 19 January 2018|access-date = 10 March 2019|archive-date = 11 August 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210811220950/https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hypnotherapy/|url-status = live}}</ref>

Preliminary research has expressed brief hypnosis interventions as possibly being a useful tool for managing painful HIV-DSP because of its history of usefulness in [[pain management]], its long-term effectiveness of brief interventions, the ability to teach self-hypnosis to patients, the cost-effectiveness of the intervention, and the advantage of using such an intervention as opposed to the use of pharmaceutical drugs.<ref name="Lynn SJ 2015"/>

Modern hypnotherapy has been used, with varying success, in a variety of forms, such as:
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Addiction]]s<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kraft T, Kraft D |year=2005 |title=Covert sensitization revisited: Six case studies |url=http://www.londonpsychotherapy.co.uk/pdf/1.pdf |journal=Contemporary Hypnosis |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=202–09 |doi=10.1002/ch.10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119123828/http://www.londonpsychotherapy.co.uk/pdf/1.pdf |archive-date=19 January 2012}}</ref><ref name="Elkins">{{cite journal | vauthors = Elkins GR, Rajab MH | title = Clinical hypnosis for smoking cessation: preliminary results of a three-session intervention | journal = The International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis | volume = 52 | issue = 1 | pages = 73–81 | date = January 2004 | pmid = 14768970 | doi = 10.1076/iceh.52.1.73.23921 | s2cid = 6065271}}</ref>
* [[Age regression in therapy|Age regression hypnotherapy]] (or "hypnoanalysis")
* Cognitive-behavioural hypnotherapy, or clinical hypnosis combined with elements of cognitive behavioural therapy<ref name="Robertson_2012">{{cite book| author=Robertson, D| title=The Practice of Cognitive-Behavioural Hypnotherapy: A Manual for Evidence-Based Clinical Hypnosis| year=2012| publisher=Karnac| location=London| isbn=978-1-85575-530-7| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=um6_7kEszusC| access-date=7 November 2015| archive-date=2 July 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702163310/https://books.google.com/books?id=um6_7kEszusC| url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Milton H. Erickson#Ericksonian approaches|Ericksonian hypnotherapy]]
* Fears and [[phobia]]<ref>{{cite journal |title=Hypnosis with a blind 55-year-old female with dental phobia requiring periodontal treatment and extraction | vauthors = Gow MA |year=2006 |journal=Contemporary Hypnosis |volume=23 |pages=92–100 |issue=2 |doi=10.1002/ch.313}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.lcch.co.uk/hypnosisarticles/case_phobia.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050629025402/http://www.lcch.co.uk/hypnosisarticles/case_phobia.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 June 2005 | vauthors = Nicholson J |title=Hypnotherapy – Case History – Phobia |journal=London College of Clinical Hypnosis}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.stichtingemetofobie.nl/pdf/a_vomiting_phobia_overcome_by_one_session_of_flooding_with_hypnosis.pdf |vauthors=Wijesnghe B |year=1974 |title=A vomiting phobia overcome by one session of flooding with hypnosis |journal=Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry |volume=5 |pages=169–70 |doi=10.1016/0005-7916(74)90107-4 |issue=2 |access-date=5 May 2013 |archive-date=8 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308134532/http://www.stichtingemetofobie.nl/pdf/a_vomiting_phobia_overcome_by_one_session_of_flooding_with_hypnosis.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Deyoub PL, Epstein SJ | title = Short-term hypnotherapy for the treatment of flight phobia: a case report | journal = The American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis | volume = 19 | issue = 4 | pages = 251–54 | date = April 1977 | pmid = 879063 | doi = 10.1080/00029157.1977.10403885}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Hypnosis+in+the+treatment+of+social+phobia.-a0229529946 |title=Hypnosis in the treatment of social phobia |last=Rogers |first=Janet |name-list-style=vanc |date=May 2008 |journal=Australian Journal of Clinical & Experimental Hypnosis |volume=36 |pages=64–68 |issue=1 |access-date=5 May 2013 |archive-date=30 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430213739/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Hypnosis+in+the+treatment+of+social+phobia.-a0229529946 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Habit control<ref name="Mayo">{{cite web|url=http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/hypnosis/SA00084 |title=Hypnosis. Another way to manage pain, kick bad habits |publisher=mayoclinic.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091204153926/http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/hypnosis/sa00084 |archive-date=4 December 2009}}</ref><ref name="Anbar">{{cite journal | vauthors = Anbar RD | title = Childhood habit cough treated with consultation by telephone: a case report | journal = Cough | volume = 5 | issue = 2 | pages = 2 | date = January 2009 | pmid = 19159469 | pmc = 2632985 | doi = 10.1186/1745-9974-5-2 | citeseerx = 10.1.1.358.6608 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="McNeilly">{{cite journal | vauthors = McNeilly R | title = Solution oriented hypnosis. An effective approach in medical practice | journal = Australian Family Physician | volume = 23 | issue = 9 | pages = 1744–46 | date = September 1994 | pmid = 7980173}}</ref>
* Pain management<ref>[http://www.webmd.com/balance/features/hypnosis-for-pain "Hypnosis for Pain."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731212842/https://www.webmd.com/pain-management/hypnosis-meditation-and-relaxation-for-pain-treatment |date=31 July 2021 }}. Webmd.com. Retrieved on 1 October 2011.</ref><ref name="Dahlgren">{{cite journal | vauthors = Dahlgren LA, Kurtz RM, Strube MJ, Malone MD | title = Differential effects of hypnotic suggestion on multiple dimensions of pain | journal = Journal of Pain and Symptom Management | volume = 10 | issue = 6 | pages = 464–70 | date = August 1995 | pmid = 7561229 | doi = 10.1016/0885-3924(95)00055-4 | doi-access = free}}</ref><ref name="Patterson1">{{cite journal | vauthors = Patterson DR, Ptacek JT | title = Baseline pain as a moderator of hypnotic analgesia for burn injury treatment | journal = Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology | volume = 65 | issue = 1 | pages = 60–67 | date = February 1997 | pmid = 9103735 | doi = 10.1037/0022-006X.65.1.60}}</ref><ref name="Barrett2004">{{cite web |url=https://www.apa.org/research/action/hypnosis |title=Hypnosis for the Relief and Control of Pain |author=American Psychological Association |date=2 July 2004 |publisher=American Psychological Association |access-date=28 September 2020 |archive-date=25 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725212840/https://www.apa.org/research/action/hypnosis |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Psychotherapy<ref>Barrett, Deirdre. [http://psychologytoday.com/articles/pto-20010101-000034.html "The Power of Hypnosis."]. ''Psychology Today''. Jan/Feb 2001 {{webarchive |url=https://archive.today/20071107103604/http://psychologytoday.com/articles/pto-20010101-000034.html |date=7 November 2007}}</ref>
* Relaxation<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Vickers A, Zollman C | title = ABC of complementary medicine. Hypnosis and relaxation therapies | journal = BMJ | volume = 319 | issue = 7221 | pages = 1346–49 | date = November 1999 | pmid = 10567143 | pmc = 1117083 | doi = 10.1136/bmj.319.7221.1346}}</ref>
* Reduce patient behavior (e.g., scratching) that hinders the treatment of skin disease<ref>Shenefelt, Philip D. [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/466140 "Applying Hypnosis in Dermatology] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430185238/https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/466140 |date=30 April 2021 }}. medscape.com. 6 January 2004</ref>
* Soothing anxious surgical patients
* Sports performance<ref>[http://www.awss.com/sport02.htm Hypnosis and Sport Performance] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224122733/http://www.awss.com/sport02.htm |date=24 February 2021 }}. AWSS.com</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.zoneofexcellence.ca/Journal/Issue06/Hypnosis.pdf |title=The effects of hypnosis on flow-states and performance |vauthors=Pates J, Palmi J |year=2002 |journal=Journal of Excellence |volume=6 |pages=48–461 |access-date=5 May 2013 |archive-date=7 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307205223/http://www.zoneofexcellence.ca/Journal/Issue06/Hypnosis.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Weight loss<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kirsch I | title = Hypnotic enhancement of cognitive-behavioral weight loss treatments&nbsp;– another meta-reanalysis | journal = Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology | volume = 64 | issue = 3 | pages = 517–19 | date = June 1996 | pmid = 8698945 | doi = 10.1037/0022-006X.64.3.517 | s2cid = 18091380 }}</ref><ref name="Bolocofsky">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bolocofsky DN, Spinler D, Coulthard-Morris L | title = Effectiveness of hypnosis as an adjunct to behavioral weight management | journal = Journal of Clinical Psychology | volume = 41 | issue = 1 | pages = 35–41 | date = January 1985 | pmid = 3973038 | doi = 10.1002/1097-4679(198501)41:1<35::AID-JCLP2270410107>3.0.CO;2-Z | url = http://www.hypnoprogram.com/documents/Three_Studies_WL_Hypnosis.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131208195457/http://www.hypnoprogram.com/documents/Three_Studies_WL_Hypnosis.pdf | url-status = dead | archive-date = 8 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Cochrane G, Friesen J | title = Hypnotherapy in weight loss treatment | journal = Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology | volume = 54 | issue = 4 | pages = 489–92 | date = August 1986 | pmid = 3745601 | doi = 10.1037/0022-006X.54.4.489 | url = http://www.hypnoprogram.com/documents/Three_Studies_WL_Hypnosis.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131208195457/http://www.hypnoprogram.com/documents/Three_Studies_WL_Hypnosis.pdf | url-status = dead | archive-date = 8 December 2013}}</ref>
{{div col end}}
In a January 2001 article in ''[[Psychology Today]]'',<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/200101/the-power-hypnosis |title=The Power of Hypnosis |first=Deirdre |last=Barrett |magazine=Psychology Today |issue=Jan/Feb |year=2001}}</ref> Harvard psychologist [[Deirdre Barrett]] wrote:
{{blockquote|text=A hypnotic trance is not therapeutic in and of itself, but specific suggestions and images fed to clients in a trance can profoundly alter their behavior. As they rehearse the new ways they want to think and feel, they lay the groundwork for changes in their future actions... }} Barrett described specific ways this is operationalised for habit change and amelioration of phobias. In her 1998 book of hypnotherapy case studies,<ref name="PregnantMan"/> she reviews the clinical research on hypnosis with dissociative disorders, smoking cessation, and insomnia, and describes successful treatments of these complaints.

In a July 2001 article for ''[[Scientific American]]'' titled "The Truth and the Hype of Hypnosis", Michael Nash wrote that, "using hypnosis, scientists have temporarily created hallucinations, compulsions, certain types of memory loss, false memories, and delusions in the laboratory so that these phenomena can be studied in a controlled environment."<ref name="Nash"/>

==== Menopause ====
There is evidence supporting the use of hypnotherapy in the treatment of [[menopause]] related symptoms, including [[hot flash]]es.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hickey|first1=Martha|last2=Szabo|first2=Rebecca A.|last3=Hunter|first3=Myra S.|date=2017-11-23|title=Non-hormonal treatments for menopausal symptoms|url=https://www.bmj.com/content/359/bmj.j5101|journal=BMJ|language=en|volume=359|pages=j5101|doi=10.1136/bmj.j5101|issn=0959-8138|pmid=29170264|s2cid=46856968|access-date=7 September 2021|archive-date=7 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210907105558/https://www.bmj.com/content/359/bmj.j5101|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[North American Menopause Society]] recommends hypnotherapy for the nonhormonal management of menopause-associated [[vasomotor]] symptoms, giving it the highest level of evidence.<ref name="auto">{{Cite journal|date=November 2015|title=Nonhormonal management of menopause-associated vasomotor symptoms: 2015 position statement of The North American Menopause Society|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26382310/|journal=Menopause|volume=22|issue=11|pages=1155–1172; quiz 1173–1174|doi=10.1097/GME.0000000000000546|issn=1530-0374|pmid=26382310|s2cid=14841660|access-date=7 September 2021|archive-date=22 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322145613/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26382310/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==== Irritable bowel syndrome ====
Hypnotherapy has been studied for the treatment of [[irritable bowel syndrome]].<ref>Moore, M. & Tasso, A.F. 'Clinical hypnosis: the empirical evidence' in The Oxford Handbook of Hypnosis (2008) {{ISBN|0-19-857009-0}} pp. 718–19</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gonsalkorale WM, Whorwell PJ | title = Hypnotherapy in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome | journal = European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology | volume = 17 | issue = 1 | pages = 15–20 | date = January 2005 | pmid = 15647634 | doi = 10.1097/00042737-200501000-00004 | s2cid = 28967219 }}</ref> Hypnosis for IBS has received moderate support in the [[National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence]] guidance published for UK health services.<ref>[http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/pdf/IBSFullGuideline.pdf NICE Guidance for IBS]. (PDF) . Retrieved on 1 October 2011. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008122956/http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/pdf/IBSFullGuideline.pdf |date=8 October 2012}}</ref> It has been used as an aid or alternative to chemical [[anesthesia]],<ref>"Physician Studies Hypnosis As Sedation Alternative," University of Iowa News Service, 6 February 2003 [http://www.news-releases.uiowa.edu/2003/february/020603hypnosis.html News-releases.uiowa.edu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117205127/http://news-releases.uiowa.edu/2003/february/020603hypnosis.html |date=17 November 2017}}</ref><ref>[http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/74727.php Pain Decreases Under Hypnosis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103112335/http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/74727.php |date=3 January 2009 }}. Medicalnewstoday.com. 20 June 2007</ref><ref>John F. Kihlstrom, University of California, Berkeley and Institute for the Study of Healthcare Organizations &Transactions [http://www.institute-shot.com/hypnosis_pain_utility.htm Hypnosis in Surgery: Efficacy, Specificity, and Utility]. Institute-shot.com {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219015819/http://www.institute-shot.com/hypnosis_pain_utility.htm |date=19 December 2008}}</ref> and it has been studied as a way to soothe skin ailments.<ref>[http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/hypnosis/SA00084 Hypnosis]. Mayoclinic.com {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828235509/http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/hypnosis/SA00084 |date=28 August 2008}}</ref>

==== Pain management ====
A number of studies show that hypnosis can reduce the pain experienced during burn-wound [[debridement]],<ref name="Patterson">{{cite journal | vauthors = Patterson DR, Questad KA, de Lateur BJ | title = Hypnotherapy as an adjunct to narcotic analgesia for the treatment of pain for burn debridement | journal = The American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis | volume = 31 | issue = 3 | pages = 156–63 | date = January 1989 | pmid = 2563925 | doi = 10.1080/00029157.1989.10402884}}</ref> bone marrow aspirations, and [[childbirth]].<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.papelesdelpsicologo.es/english/1699.pdf | vauthors = Mendoza ME, Capafons A |year=2009 |title=Efficacy of clinical hypnosis: A summary of its empirical evidence |journal=Papeles del Psicólogo |volume=30 |pages=98–116 |issue=2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130108013040/http://www.papelesdelpsicologo.es/english/1699.pdf |archive-date=8 January 2013}}</ref><ref name="Ewin">{{cite journal |url=http://bscw.rediris.es/pub/bscw.cgi/d4523306/Ewin-Use_hypnosis_treatment_burn_patients.pdf |title=The use of hypnosis in the treatment of burn patients |journal=International Handbook of Clinical Hypnosis |vauthors=Ewin DM |year=2001 |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=274–83 |pmid=1289964 |access-date=16 June 2013 |archive-date=5 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120705212147/http://bscw.rediris.es/pub/bscw.cgi/d4523306/Ewin-Use_hypnosis_treatment_burn_patients.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref> The ''International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis'' found that hypnosis relieved the pain of 75% of 933 subjects participating in 27 different experiments.<ref name="Nash">Nash, Michael R. "[http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=the-truth-and-the-hype-of-2001-07 The Truth and the Hype of Hypnosis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101104111/http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=the-truth-and-the-hype-of-2001-07 |date=1 November 2013 }}". [[Scientific American]]: July 2001</ref>

Hypnosis is effective in decreasing the fear of [[Treatment of cancer|cancer treatment]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/06/180619122514.htm|title=Hypnosis may help reduce fear of cancer treatment in children: Hypnosis could help to reduce the fear of medical procedures in children and young people with cancer.|work=ScienceDaily|access-date=22 June 2018|language=en|archive-date=17 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417183052/https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/06/180619122514.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> reducing pain from<ref name="Butler">{{cite journal | vauthors = Butler B | title = The use of hypnosis in the care of the cancer patient | journal = Cancer | volume = 7 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–14 | date = January 1954 | pmid = 13126897 | doi = 10.1002/1097-0142(195401)7:1<1::AID-CNCR2820070103>3.0.CO;2-0 | doi-access = free}}</ref> and coping with cancer<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bscw.rediris.es/pub/bscw.cgi/d4431493/Peynovska-Efficacy_hypnotherapy_supplement_therapy_cancer.pdf |vauthors=Peynovska R, Fisher J, Oliver D, Matthew VM |year=2003 |title=Efficacy of hypnotherapy as a supplement therapy in cancer intervention |work=Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of The Royal College of Psychiatrists, 30 June – 3 July 2003 |access-date=5 May 2013 |archive-date=6 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120706012254/http://bscw.rediris.es/pub/bscw.cgi/d4431493/Peynovska-Efficacy_hypnotherapy_supplement_therapy_cancer.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref> and other chronic conditions.<ref name="Nash"/> Nausea and other symptoms related to incurable diseases may also be managed with hypnosis.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Spiegel D, Moore R | title = Imagery and hypnosis in the treatment of cancer patients | journal = Oncology | volume = 11 | issue = 8 | pages = 1179–89; discussion 1189–95 | date = August 1997 | pmid = 9268979}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Mascott C | title = Hypnotherapy. A complementary therapy with broad applications | journal = Diabetes Self-Management | volume = 21 | issue = 5 | pages = 15–18 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15586907}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kwekkeboom KL, Gretarsdottir E | title = Systematic review of relaxation interventions for pain | journal = Journal of Nursing Scholarship | volume = 38 | issue = 3 | pages = 269–77 | year = 2006 | pmid = 17044345 | doi = 10.1111/j.1547-5069.2006.00113.x}}</ref> Some practitioners have claimed hypnosis might help boost the immune system of people with cancer. However, according to the [[American Cancer Society]], "available scientific evidence does not support the idea that hypnosis can influence the development or progression of cancer."<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/complementaryandalternativemedicine/mindbodyandspirit/hypnosis
|title=Hypnosis
|date=November 2008
|publisher=[[American Cancer Society]]
|access-date=22 September 2013
|archive-date=31 July 2014
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140731144004/http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/complementaryandalternativemedicine/mindbodyandspirit/hypnosis
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>

Hypnosis has been used as a pain relieving technique during [[dental surgery]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=WKYQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=N5UDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3232,32552|title=The Age - Google News Archive Search|website=news.google.com|access-date=11 July 2022|archive-date=13 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613145427/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=WKYQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=N5UDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3232%2C32552|url-status=live}}</ref> and related pain management regimens as well. Researchers like Jerjes and his team have reported that hypnosis can help even those patients who have acute to severe orodental pain.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Jerjes W, Hopper C, Kumar M, Upile T, Madland G, Newman S, Feinmann C | title = Psychological intervention in acute dental pain: review | journal = British Dental Journal | volume = 202 | issue = 6 | pages = 337–43 | date = March 2007 | pmid = 17384613 | doi = 10.1038/bdj.2007.227 | doi-access = free}}</ref> Additionally, Meyerson and Uziel have suggested that hypnotic methods have been found to be highly fruitful for alleviating anxiety in patients with severe dental phobia.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Meyerson J, Uziel N | title = Application of hypno-dissociative strategies during dental treatment of patients with severe dental phobia | journal = The International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis | volume = 62 | issue = 2 | pages = 179–87 | pmid = 24568324 | doi = 10.1080/00207144.2014.869129 | year = 2014 | s2cid = 22065303}}</ref>

For some psychologists who uphold the altered state theory of hypnosis, pain relief in response to hypnosis is said to be the result of the brain's [[Dual process theory|dual-processing]] functionality. This effect is obtained either through the process of selective attention or dissociation, in which both theories involve the presence of activity in pain receptive regions of the brain, and a difference in the processing of the stimuli by the hypnotised subject.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Myers |first1=David G. |title=Psychology: Tenth Edition in Modules |date=2014 |publisher=Worth Publishers |pages=112–13 |edition=10th}}</ref>

The American Psychological Association published a study comparing the effects of hypnosis, ordinary suggestion, and placebo in reducing pain. The study found that highly suggestible individuals experienced a greater reduction in pain from hypnosis compared with placebo, whereas less suggestible subjects experienced no pain reduction from hypnosis when compared with placebo. Ordinary non-hypnotic suggestion also caused reduction in pain compared to placebo, but was able to reduce pain in a wider range of subjects (both high and low suggestible) than hypnosis. The results showed that it is primarily the subject's responsiveness to suggestion, whether within the context of hypnosis or not, that is the main determinant of causing reduction in pain.<ref>"Hypnosis, suggestion, and placebo in the reduction of experimental pain" [http://www.faqs.org/abstracts/Psychology-and-mental-health/Hypnosis-suggestion-and-placebo-in-the-reduction-of-experimental-pain.html faqs.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091216090017/http://www.faqs.org/abstracts/Psychology-and-mental-health/Hypnosis-suggestion-and-placebo-in-the-reduction-of-experimental-pain.html |date=16 December 2009 }}</ref>

==== Other uses of hypnotherapy====

In 2019, a Cochrane review was unable to find evidence of benefit of hypnosis in smoking cessation, and suggested if there is, it is small at best.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Barnes|first1=Joanne|last2=McRobbie|first2=Hayden|last3=Dong|first3=Christine Y|last4=Walker|first4=Natalie|last5=Hartmann-Boyce|first5=Jamie|date=2019-06-14|editor-last=Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group|title=Hypnotherapy for smoking cessation|journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=2019|issue=6|pages=CD001008|language=en|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD001008.pub3|pmc=6568235|pmid=31198991}}</ref>

Hypnosis may be useful as an adjunct therapy for weight loss. A 1996 meta-analysis studying hypnosis combined with cognitive behavioural therapy found that people using both treatments lost more weight than people using cognitive behavioural therapy alone.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> 

American psychiatric nurses, in most medical facilities, are allowed to administer hypnosis to patients in order to relieve symptoms such as anxiety, arousal, negative behaviours, uncontrollable behaviour, and to improve self-esteem and confidence. This is permitted only when they have been completely trained about their clinical side effects and while under supervision when administering it.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/S1078-3903(03)00226-X|author=Valente, M.S.|year=2003|title=Hypnosis: A Useful Strategy for Symptom Relief|journal=Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association|volume= 9|issue=5|pages=163–66|s2cid=146512348}}</ref>