Editing Human intelligence (section)

=== Parieto-frontal integration theory of intelligence ===
{{main|Parieto-frontal integration theory}}

Based on a review of 37 [[neuroimaging]] studies, Jung and Haier proposed that the biological basis of intelligence stems from how well the [[frontal lobe|frontal]] and [[parietal lobe|parietal]] regions of the brain communicate and exchange information with each other.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Jung | first1 = R. E. | last2 = Haier | first2 = R. J. | s2cid = 14699011 | year = 2007 | title = The parieto-frontal integration theory (P-FIT) of intelligence: converging neuroimaging evidence | journal = Behavioral and Brain Sciences | volume = 30 | issue = 2| pages = 135–187 | doi=10.1017/s0140525x07001185| pmid = 17655784 }}</ref> Subsequent neuroimaging and lesion studies report general consensus with the theory.<ref>{{multiref2
|1={{cite journal | last1 = Colom | first1 = R. | last2 = Haier | first2 = R. J. | last3 = Head | first3 = K. | last4 = Alvarez-Linera | first4 = J. | last5 = Ouiroga | first5 = M. A. | last6 = Shih | first6 = P. C. | last7 = Jung | first7 = R. E. | year = 2009 | title = Gray matter correlates of fluid, crystallized, and spatial intelligence: testing the P-FIT model | journal = Intelligence | volume = 37 | issue = 2| pages = 124–135 | doi = 10.1016/j.intell.2008.07.007 }}
|2={{cite journal | last1 = Vakhtin | first1 = A. A. | last2 = Ryman | first2 = S. G. | last3 = Flores | first3 = R. A. | last4 = Jung | first4 = R. E. | year = 2014 | title = Functional brain networks contributing to the parieto-frontal integration theory of intelligence | journal = NeuroImage | volume = 103 | pages = 349–354 | doi = 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.09.055 | pmid=25284305| s2cid = 2870453 }}
|3={{cite journal | last1 = Gläscher | first1 = J. | last2 = Rudrauf | first2 = D. | last3 = Colom | first3 = R. | last4 = Paul | first4 = L. K. | last5 = Tranel | first5 = D. | last6 = Damasio | first6 = H. | last7 = Adolphs | first7 = R. | year = 2010 | title = Distributed neural system for general intelligence revealed by lesion mapping | journal = Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience | volume = 9 | issue = 3| pages =  265–72| doi = 10.1093/scan/nss124 | pmid=23171618 | pmc=3980800| bibcode = 2010PNAS..107.4705G}} }}</ref> A review of the neuroscience and intelligence literature concludes that the parieto-frontal integration theory is the best available explanation for human intelligence differences.<ref name="DPJ 2010">{{cite journal | last1 = Deary | first1 = I. J. | last2 = Penke | first2 = L. | last3 = Johnson | first3 = W. | year = 2010 | title = The neuroscience of human intelligence differences |url=https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/files/8895819/the_neuroscience_of_human_intelligence.pdf| journal = Nature Reviews Neuroscience | volume = 11 | issue = 3| pages = 201–211 | doi = 10.1038/nrn2793 | pmid=20145623| s2cid = 5136934 | hdl = 20.500.11820/9b11fac3-47d0-424c-9d1c-fe6f9ff2ecac | hdl-access = free }}</ref>