Editing Huldrych Zwingli (section)

===Reformation progresses in Zurich (1524–1525)===
Huldrych Zwingli was a major figure in the [[Reformation in Switzerland|Swiss Reformation]], advocating for the authority of scripture and the rejection of religious practices not supported by the Bible. His preaching and teachings helped spread Reformation ideas beyond Switzerland and influenced the development of [[Protestantism]] throughout Europe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zuerich |url=https://www.zuerich.com/en/visit/culture/huldrych-zwingli. }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>[[File:Zue Grossmuenster 06.jpg|thumb|right|260px|Above the entrance to the Grossmünster doors is inscribed Matthew 11:28, "Come to me, all who labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest."]]
In December 1523, the council set a deadline of [[Pentecost]] in 1524 for a solution to the elimination of the Mass and images. Zwingli gave a formal opinion in ''Vorschlag wegen der Bilder und der Messe'' (Proposal Concerning Images and the Mass). He did not urge an immediate, general abolition. The council decided on the orderly removal of images within Zurich, but rural congregations were granted the right to remove them based on majority vote. The decision on the Mass was postponed.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gäbler|1986|pp=81–82}}</ref>

Evidence of the effect of the Reformation was seen in early 1524. [[Candlemas]] was not celebrated, processions of robed clergy ceased, worshippers did not go with palms or relics on [[Palm Sunday]] to the [[Lindenhof]], and [[triptych]]s remained covered and closed after [[Lent]].<ref name="Potter138">{{Harvnb|Potter|1976|p=138}}</ref> Opposition to the changes came from Konrad Hofmann and his followers, but the council decided in favour of keeping the government mandates. When Hofmann left the city, opposition from pastors hostile to the Reformation broke down. The bishop of Constance tried to intervene in defending the Mass and the veneration of images. Zwingli wrote an official response for the council and the result was the severance of all ties between the city and the diocese.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gäbler|1986|pp=82–83}}</ref>

Although the council had hesitated in abolishing the Mass, the decrease in the exercise of traditional piety allowed pastors to be unofficially released from the requirement of celebrating Mass. As individual pastors altered their practices as each saw fit, Zwingli was prompted to address this disorganised situation by designing a communion liturgy in the German language. This was published in ''Aktion oder Brauch des Nachtmahls'' (Act or Custom of the Supper). Shortly before [[Easter]], Zwingli and his closest associates requested the council to cancel the Mass and to introduce the new public order of worship.{{citation needed|date=October 2022}}

On [[Maundy Thursday]], 13 April 1525, Zwingli celebrated communion under his new liturgy. Wooden cups and plates were used to avoid any outward displays of formality. The congregation sat at set tables to emphasise the meal aspect of the sacrament. The sermon was the focal point of the service and there was no organ music or singing. The importance of the sermon in the worship service was underlined by Zwingli's proposal to limit the celebration of communion to four times a year.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gäbler|1986|pp=105–106}}</ref>

For some time Zwingli had accused [[mendicant]] orders of hypocrisy and demanded their abolition in order to support the truly poor. He suggested the monasteries be changed into hospitals and welfare institutions and incorporate their wealth into a welfare fund. This was done by reorganising the foundations of the Grossmünster and [[Fraumünster]] and pensioning off remaining nuns and monks. The council secularised the church properties (Fraumünster handed over to the city of Zurich by Zwingli's acquaintance [[Katharina von Zimmern]] in 1524) and established new welfare programs for the poor.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiener |first=James Blake |title=Fraumunster |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Fraumunster/ |access-date=1 May 2023 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref>

Zwingli requested permission to establish a Latin school, the ''Prophezei'' (Prophecy) or [[Carolinum, Zurich|''Carolinum'']], at the Grossmünster. The council agreed and it was officially opened on 19 June 1525 with Zwingli and Jud as teachers. It served to retrain and re-educate the clergy. The [[Zurich Bible]] translation, traditionally attributed to Zwingli and printed by [[Christoph Froschauer]], bears the mark of teamwork from the Prophecy school.<ref>According to {{Harvnb|Gäbler|1986|p=102}}, the first complete Bible was printed in 1531. Other sources say 1529 or 1530. See {{Harvnb|Estep|1986|p=96}} and {{Harvnb|Greenslade|1975|p=106}}. Early editions were called the Froschauer Bible, see {{Harvnb|Chadwick|2001|p=35}}.</ref> Scholars have not yet attempted to clarify Zwingli's share of the work based on external and stylistic evidence.<ref>{{Harvnb|Potter|1976|pp=222–223}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Gäbler|1986|pp=97–103}}</ref>