Editing Hoboken, New Jersey (section)

====Waterfront====
The [[Hudson Waterfront]] defined Hoboken as an archetypal port town and powered its economy from the mid-19th to mid-20th century, by which time it had become essentially industrial (and mostly inaccessible to the general public). The large production plants of Lipton Tea and Maxwell House, and the [[drydock]]s of [[Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation]] and [[Todd Shipbuilding]] dominated the northern portion for many years. On June 30, 1900, [[1900 Hoboken Docks Fire|a large fire]] at the [[Norddeutscher Lloyd]] piers killed numerous people and caused almost $10&nbsp;million in damage.<ref>Beitler, Stu. [https://www.gendisasters.com/new-jersey/2428/hoboken,-nj-dock-fire,-jul-1900 "Hoboken, NJ Dock Fire, Jul 1900"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407064442/https://www.gendisasters.com/new-jersey/2428/hoboken,-nj-dock-fire,-jul-1900 |date=April 7, 2022 }}, GenDisasters.com. Accessed September 1, 2015.</ref><ref>[http://www.pier3.org/pier3/whathappened.html "A History of the Great Hoboken Pier Fire of 1900."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727174721/http://www.pier3.org/pier3/whathappened.html |date=July 27, 2011 }}, Pier 3. Accessed December 29, 2010.</ref> The southern portion (which had been a U.S. base of the [[Hamburg-American Line]]) was seized by the federal government under [[eminent domain]] at the outbreak of [[World War I]], after which it became (with the rest of the Hudson County) a major East Coast cargo-shipping port.{{citation needed|date=June 2023}}

[[File:Hoboken December 2022.jpg|thumb|Pier A Park]]
With the development of the [[Interstate Highway System]] and [[containerization]] shipping facilities (particularly at [[Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal]]), the docks became obsolete, and by the 1970s were more or less abandoned.<ref name="Hoboken Museum"/> A large swath of River Street, known as the [[Barbary Coast]] for its taverns and boarding houses (which had been home for many dockworkers, sailors, merchant mariners, and other seamen) was leveled as part of an [[urban renewal]] project. Though control of the confiscated area had been returned to the city in the 1950s, complex lease agreements with the [[Port Authority]] gave it little influence on its management. In the 1980s, the waterfront dominated Hoboken politics, with various civic groups and the city government engaging in sometimes nasty, sometimes absurd politics and court cases. By the 1990s, agreements were made with the [[Port Authority of New York and New Jersey]], various levels of government, Hoboken citizens, and private developers to build commercial and residential buildings and "open spaces" (mostly along the bulkhead and on the foundation of un-utilized [[Landmarks of Hoboken, New Jersey|Pier A]]).<ref>[http://www.panynj.gov/real-estate-development/south-waterfront-hoboken.html The South Waterfront at Hoboken ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100729222044/http://www.panynj.gov/real-estate-development/south-waterfront-hoboken.html |date=July 29, 2010 }}, [[Port Authority of New York and New Jersey]]. Accessed September 1, 2015.</ref>

The northern portion, which had remained in private hands, has also been re-developed. While most of the dry-dock and production facilities<ref>Brenzel, Kathryn. [http://www.nj.com/hudson/index.ssf/2014/01/super_bowl_sculpture_arrives_at_hoboken_waterfront_as_game_day_nears.html "Super Bowl 2014 sculpture arrives at Hoboken waterfront as game day nears"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331072136/http://www.nj.com/hudson/index.ssf/2014/01/super_bowl_sculpture_arrives_at_hoboken_waterfront_as_game_day_nears.html |date=March 31, 2014 }}, [[NJ.com]], January 27, 2014. Accessed September 1, 2015.</ref><ref>[http://betterwaterfront.org/ny-waterway-looks-to-nj-transit-to-purchase-union-dry-dock-for-ferry-maintenance-fueling-station-and-bus-parking/ "Ferry repair, fueling station and bus parking for Union Dry Dock site?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331082258/http://betterwaterfront.org/ny-waterway-looks-to-nj-transit-to-purchase-union-dry-dock-for-ferry-maintenance-fueling-station-and-bus-parking/ |date=March 31, 2014 }}, Fund for a Better Waterfront. Accessed March 31, 2014.</ref> were razed to make way for mid-rise apartment houses, many sold as investment condominiums, some buildings were renovated for adaptive re-use (notably the Tea Building, formerly home to Lipton Tea,<ref>Pace, Gina. [http://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/real-estate/maxwell-place-developments-hoboken-waterfront-good-drop-article-1.1428166 "No paying through the roof for cabanas at 1100 Maxwell Place, the newest Toll Brothers City Living development on Hoboken's waterfront"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331083915/http://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/real-estate/maxwell-place-developments-hoboken-waterfront-good-drop-article-1.1428166 |date=March 31, 2014 }}, ''[[New York Daily News|Daily News]]'', August 16, 2013. Accessed September 1, 2015.</ref> and the Machine Shop, home of the Hoboken Historic Museum).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141008121506/https://www.hobokenmuseum.org/self-guided-walking-tours/points-of-interest Points of Interest], Hoboken Historical Museum, backed up by the [[Internet Archive]] as of October 8, 2014. Accessed November 13, 2019. "The Machine Shop was in use around-the-clock, employing as many as 11,000 workers. The shop closed in 1984. The building was recently incorporated into the Shipyard development and now houses luxury apartments, retail shops, and the Hoboken Historical Museum."</ref> Zoning requires that new construction follow the street grid and limits the height of new construction to retain the architectural character of the city and open sight-lines to the river. Downtown, [[Frank Sinatra Park]] and [[Sinatra Drive]] honor the man most consider to be Hoboken's most famous son, while uptown the name Maxwell recalls the factory with its smell of roasting coffee wafting over town and its huge neon "Good to the Last Drop" sign, so long a part of the landscape. The midtown section is dominated by the [[serpentine rock]] outcropping atop of which sits Stevens Institute of Technology (which also owns some, as yet, undeveloped land on the river). At the foot of the cliff is [[Sybil's Cave]] (where 19th century day-trippers once came to "take the waters" from a natural spring), long sealed shut, though plans for its restoration are in place. The promenade along the river bank is part of the [[Hudson River Waterfront Walkway]], a state-mandated master plan to connect the municipalities from the [[Bayonne Bridge]] to [[George Washington Bridge]] and provide contiguous unhindered access to the water's edge and to create an urban linear park offering expansive views of the Hudson with the spectacular backdrop of the New York skyline. As of 2017, the city was considering using [[eminent domain]] to take over the last operating maritime industry in the city, the Union Dry Dock.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171005202813/http://hobokennj.gov/2017/09/mayor-zimmer-seeks-to-acquire-union-dry-dock-property-for-waterfront-park/ "Mayor Zimmer Seeks to Acquire Union Dry Dock Property for Waterfront Park"], City of Hoboken, September 28, 2017, backed up by the [[Internet Archive]] as of October 5, 2017. Accessed November 13, 2019. "Based on discussions and written communications with Union Dry Dock, Mayor Dawn Zimmer has determined that it is important to expeditiously move ahead with the tools necessary to acquire the Union Dry Dock property for open space.... As a result, the City Council will be asked to authorize the use of eminent domain for the acquisition of Union Dry Dock at next week's City Council meeting. The authorization simply provides the City with the tools necessary to facilitate negotiations and does not mean that eminent domain will be implemented."</ref><ref>Strunsky, Steve. [https://www.nj.com/hudson/2017/10/hoboken_council_moves_to_seize_union_dry_dock_prop.html "Hoboken a step closer to seizing waterfront property using eminent domain"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801193200/https://www.nj.com/hudson/2017/10/hoboken_council_moves_to_seize_union_dry_dock_prop.html |date=August 1, 2020 }}, NJ Advance Media for [[NJ.com]], October 5, 2017, updated January 16, 2019. Accessed November 13, 2019. "The City Council moved forward Wednesday with plans to seize through eminent domain a waterfront property occupied by Hoboken's last working shipyard, Union Dry Dock.... Mayor Dawn Zimmer, who is not seeking re-election, has tried unsuccessfully to negotiate the purchase of the Union Dry Dock property on Sinatra Drive for use as a park and the final stretch of the city's Hudson River waterfront walkway."</ref>

[[File:Manhattan Skyline from Hoboken 010 (cropped).jpg|thumb|1000px|center|{{center|Panorama of [[Manhattan]] from Hoboken, December 2022}}]]