Editing History of Trinidad and Tobago (section)

===Tobago===
The [[Treaty of Paris (1763)|Treaty of Paris]] in 1763 ended Tobago's status as a neutral territory and brought it under British control.<ref name="Niddrie">{{Cite journal |last=Niddrie |first=D. L. |date=1966 |title=Eighteenth-Century Settlement in the British Caribbean |journal=Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers |issue=40 |pages=67–80 |doi=10.2307/621569 |issn=0020-2754 |jstor=621569}}</ref> A [[plantation economy]] was quickly established on the island. Under the direction of the [[Board of Trade]],<ref name="Niddrie" /> the island was surveyed and sold to planters.<ref name="Boomert4">{{Cite book |last=Boomert |first=Arie |title=The indigenous peoples of Trinidad and Tobago : from the first settlers until today |date=2016-01-15 |isbn=9789088903540 |location=Leiden |oclc=944910446}}</ref>{{Rp|125–128}} In 1781, as part of the [[Anglo-French War (1778–1783)|Anglo-French War]], France [[Invasion of Tobago|captured Tobago]]. The island was ceded to France in 1783 under the terms of the [[Treaty of Paris (1783)|Treaty of Paris]].<ref name="Laurence2">{{Cite book |last=Laurence |first=K. O. |title=Tobago in wartime, 1793–1815 |date=1995 |publisher=University of the West Indies Press |isbn=9766400032 |location=Barbados |oclc=32699769}}</ref>{{Rp|1–9}}

The British recapture the island during the [[War of the First Coalition]]. British forces from Barbados under the command of [[Cornelius Cuyler]] captured the island 1781.<ref name="Laurence">{{Cite book |last=Laurence |first=K. O. |title=Tobago in wartime, 1793–1815 |date=1995 |publisher=University of the West Indies Press |isbn=9766400032 |location=Barbados |oclc=32699769}}</ref>{{Rp|7–8}} Tobago was returned to France in 1802 under the [[Treaty of Amiens]], but recaptured by the British when war broke out again in 1803.<ref name="Laurence3">{{Cite book |last=Laurence |first=K. O. |title=Tobago in wartime, 1793–1815 |date=1995 |publisher=University of the West Indies Press |isbn=9766400032 |location=Barbados |oclc=32699769}}</ref>{{Rp|1–9}} France formally surrendered Tobago to Britain under the terms of the 1814 [[Treaty of Paris (1814)|Treaty of Paris]].<ref name="Luke2">{{Cite book |last=Luke |first=Learie B. |title=Identity and secession in the Caribbean: Tobago versus Trinidad, 1889–1980 |date=2007 |publisher=University of the West Indies Press |isbn=978-9766401993 |location=Kingston, Jamaica |oclc=646844096}}</ref>{{rp|6}}

==== Slavery ====
The Tobagonian economy in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century was completely dependent on slavery, both for plantation and domestic labour.<ref name="Laurence4">{{Cite book |last=Laurence |first=K. O. |title=Tobago in wartime, 1793–1815 |date=1995 |publisher=University of the West Indies Press |isbn=9766400032 |location=Barbados |oclc=32699769}}</ref>{{Rp|94–132}} Sugar production dominated the island's economy, and more than 90% of the enslaved population was employed on the sugar estates.<ref name="Laurence4" />{{Rp|131}} The enslaved population grew from 14,170 in 1790 to 16,190 and reached 18,153 in 1807, the year the [[Slave Trade Act 1807|slave trade was abolished]], and declined to 16,080 by 1813.<ref name="Laurence4" />{{Rp|30–33}} Slavery was regulated by the Slave Act (formally ''An Act for the Good Order and Government of Slaves'') of 1775. Slaves were considered property, with no intrinsic rights.<ref name="Laurence4" />{{Rp|94–100}}

==== Emancipation and metayage ====
Declining sugar prices led to a downturn in the economy of the West Indian islands, including Tobago. After [[Emancipation of the British West Indies|Emancipation]] in 1838, economic conditions did not improve.<ref name="Luke3">{{Cite book |last=Luke |first=Learie B. |title=Identity and secession in the Caribbean: Tobago versus Trinidad, 1889–1980 |date=2007 |publisher=University of the West Indies Press |isbn=978-9766401993 |location=Kingston, Jamaica |oclc=646844096}}</ref>{{Rp|1–9}} The 1846 [[Sugar Duties Act 1846|Sugar Duties Act]] removed protections for British West Indian sugar, forcing it to compete with foreign-grown sugar, which was cheaper to produce, and [[Sugar beet|beet sugar]], which was subsidised.<ref name="Luke3" /> 

Given a lack of money to pay labourers, planters in Tobago resorted to [[metayage]], a form of [[sharecropping]]. In this system, planters provided the land, planting stocks, transport and machinery to manufacture sugar while the workers (metayers) provided the labour to cultivate and harvest the canes and operate the sugar mill.<ref name="Marshall">{{Cite journal |last=Marshall |first=W. K. |date=1965 |title=Metayage in the sugar industry of the British Windward Islands, 1838–1865 |journal=Jamaican Historical Review |volume=5 |pages=28–55}}</ref> 

First introduced in Tobago in 1843, it became the general form of production by 1845 and remained the dominant mode of production in Tobago until the end of the nineteenth century, when sugar production was finally abandoned.<ref name="Marshall" />