Editing History of Southeast Asia (section)

===Austronesian maritime trade network===
{{See also|Lingling-o|Marshall Islands stick chart|Polynesian navigation|Sa Huynh-Kalanay Interaction Sphere|Nusantao Maritime Trading and Communication Network}}
[[File:Austronesian maritime trade network in the Indian Ocean.png|thumb|[[Austronesian peoples|Austronesian]] [[Spice trade|proto-historic]] and [[Maritime Silk Road|historic]] maritime trade network in the [[Indian Ocean]]<ref name="Manguin2016">{{cite book|first1=Pierre-Yves |last1=Manguin|editor1-first=Gwyn |editor1-last=Campbell|title =Early Exchange between Africa and the Wider Indian Ocean World |chapter =Austronesian Shipping in the Indian Ocean: From Outrigger Boats to Trading Ships|publisher =Palgrave Macmillan|year =2016|pages=51–76|isbn =9783319338224|chapter-url =https://books.google.com/books?id=XsvDDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA50}}</ref>]]
The first true maritime trade network in the [[Indian Ocean]] was the [[Austronesian maritime trade network]] initiated by the [[Austronesian peoples]] of [[Island Southeast Asia]].<ref name="Manguin2016"/> They established trade routes with [[Southern India]] and [[Sri Lanka]] as early as 1500&nbsp;BCE, exchanging [[material culture]] (like [[catamaran]]s, [[outrigger boat]]s, sewn-plank boats and [[paan]]) and [[cultigen]]s (like [[coconut]]s, [[sandalwood]], [[banana]]s and [[sugarcane]]). The trade network also connected the material cultures of India and China, as well as constituting the majority of the Indian Ocean component of the [[spice trade]]. [[Ethnic groups in Indonesia|Indonesians]] in particular were trading in spices (mainly [[cinnamon]] and [[Cassia bark|cassia]]) with [[East Africa]] using catamarans and outrigger boats and sailing with the help of the [[Westerlies]] in the Indian Ocean. This trade network expanded to reach as far as [[Africa]] and the [[Arabian Peninsula]], resulting in the Austronesian colonization of [[Madagascar]] by 500&nbsp;CE. It continued through historic times, later becoming the [[Maritime Silk Road]].<ref name="Manguin2016"/><ref name="Doran1974">{{cite journal |last1=Doran |first1=Edwin Jr. |title=Outrigger Ages |journal=The Journal of the Polynesian Society |date=1974 |volume=83 |issue=2 |pages=130–140 |url=http://www.jps.auckland.ac.nz/document//Volume_83_1974/Volume_83%2C_No._2/Outrigger_ages%2C_by_Edwin_Doran_Jnr.%2C_p_130-140/p1 |access-date=25 February 2020 |archive-date=18 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200118071139/http://www.jps.auckland.ac.nz/document/Volume_83_1974/Volume_83,_No._2/Outrigger_ages,_by_Edwin_Doran_Jnr.,_p_130-140/p1 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Mahdi1999">{{cite book|first1= Waruno|last1=Mahdi|editor1-last =Blench|editor1-first= Roger |editor2-last=Spriggs|editor2-first=Matthew|title =Archaeology and Language III: Artefacts languages, and texts|chapter =The Dispersal of Austronesian boat forms in the Indian Ocean|volume = 34|publisher =Routledge|series =One World Archaeology |year =1999|pages=144–179|isbn =978-0415100540}}</ref><ref name="Doran1981">{{cite book |last1=Doran |first1=Edwin B. |title=Wangka: Austronesian Canoe Origins |date=1981 |publisher=Texas A&M University Press |isbn=9780890961070}}</ref><ref name="BlenchFruits">{{cite journal |last1=Blench |first1=Roger |title=Fruits and arboriculture in the Indo-Pacific region |journal=Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association |date=2004 |volume=24 |issue=The Taipei Papers (Volume 2) |pages=31–50 |url=https://journals.lib.washington.edu/index.php/BIPPA/article/viewFile/11869/10496}}</ref> This trade network also included smaller trade routes within [[Island Southeast Asia]], including the [[lingling-o]] [[jade]] and [[trepanging]] networks.

In eastern [[Austronesia]], various traditional maritime trade networks also existed. Among them were the ancient [[Lapita Culture|Lapita trade network]] of [[Island Melanesia]];<ref name="friedlaender"/> the [[Hiri trade cycle]], [[Sepik Coast exchange]] and [[Kula ring]] of [[Papua New Guinea]];<ref name="friedlaender">{{cite book |last1=Friedlaender |first1=Jonathan S. |title=Genes, Language, & Culture History in the Southwest Pacific |date=2007 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780195300307 |page=28 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HH48DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA28}}</ref> the ancient trading voyages in [[Micronesia]] between the [[Mariana Islands]] and the [[Caroline Islands]] (and possibly also [[New Guinea]] and the [[Philippines]]);<ref name="Cunningham">{{cite book |last1=Cunningham |first1=Lawrence J. |title=Ancient Chamorro Society |date=1992 |publisher=Bess Press |isbn=9781880188057 |pages=195 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9r0a2ww8KLcC&pg=PA195}}</ref> and the vast inter-island trade networks of [[Polynesia]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Borrell |first1=Brendan |title=Stone tool reveals lengthy Polynesian voyage |journal=Nature |date=27 September 2007 |doi=10.1038/news070924-9 |s2cid=161331467 |url=https://www.nature.com/news/2007/070924/full/070924-9.html}}</ref>