Editing History of Monaco (section)

==After 1860==
{{further|France–Monaco relations}}

[[File:Italia 1843-en.svg|thumb|left|This graphic illustrates how the Kingdom of Sardina ceded Nice County, the region around Monaco, to France]]
Designated as a protectorate of the [[Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)|Kingdom of Sardinia]] in 1815 by the [[Congress of Vienna]] after [[Napoleon]]'s defeat, Monaco's sovereignty was confirmed by the [[Franco-Monegasque Treaty]] of 1861. France accepted the existence of the Principality of Monaco, but annexed 95% of its former territory (the areas of Menton and Roquebrune). Monaco's military defense since then has been the responsibility of France.

In 1848 the towns of Menton and Roquebrune ceded from Monaco and became protectorates of the Kingdom of Sardinia; this was to the [[Free Cities of Menton and Roquebrune]]. However when Nice County was ceded to France, they were annexed from Monaco, which still had ownership.

Monaco became surrounded by France, when the Kingdom of Sardinia ceded the County of Nice to France in the [[Treaty of Turin (1860)]]. The next year, in 1861 The Kingdom of Sardinia became a part of the Kingdom of Italy. Monaco had been a Protectorate of Sardinia, and managed to survive these changes, avoiding integration with France or Italy. By the early 1860s it had secured its independence but was now surrounded by France and without Menton or Roquebrune. To make ends meet Monaco would focus on tourism, and built the now famous Monte Carlo casino.

The [[Monte Carlo Casino|Casino of Monte Carlo]] opened in 1863, organized by the [[Société des bains de mer de Monaco]], which also ran the [[Hôtel de Paris Monte-Carlo|Hotel de Paris]]. Taxes paid by the S.B.M. have been plowed into Monaco's infrastructure. Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railway link to France.