Editing History of Mali (section)

== After the empires (1591–1892) ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=August 2020}}
The Songhai empire eventually collapsed under pressure from the Moroccan [[Saadi dynasty]]. The turning point was the [[Battle of Tondibi]] of 13 March 1591. Morocco subsequently controlled [[Gao]], [[Pashalik of Timbuktu|Timbuktu]], [[Djenné]] (also seen as Jenne), and related trade routes with much difficulty until around the end of the 17th century.

[[File:TombouctouPachalik 4.png|thumb|[[Pashalik of Timbuktu]] (yellow-striped) as part of the [[Saadi dynasty|Saadi dynasty of Morocco]], c. 1591]]
After the collapse of the Songhai Empire, no single state controlled the region. The Moroccans only succeeded in occupying a few portions of the country, and even in those locations where they did attempt to rule, their hold was weak and challenged by rivals. Several small successor kingdoms arose. The most notable in what is now Mali were the following:

=== Bambara Empire or the Kingdom of Segou ===
{{main|Bambara Empire}}
[[Image: Mali historic places.PNG|thumb|Places which were under the control of the Bambara Empire]]
The Bambara Empire existed as a centralized state from 1712 to 1861. It was based at [[Ségou]] and Timbuktu (also seen as Segu), and ruled parts of central and southern Mali. It existed until El Hadj [[Umar Tall]], a [[Toucouleur people|Toucouleur]] conqueror swept across West Africa from [[Futa Tooro]]. Umar Tall's mujahideen readily defeated the Bambara, seizing Ségou itself on March 10, 1861, and declaring an end to the empire.

=== Kingdom of Kaarta ===
{{main|Kaarta}}
A split in the Coulibaly dynasty in Ségou led to the establishment of a second Bambara state, the kingdom of Kaarta, in what is now western Mali, in 1753. It was defeated in 1854 by [[Umar Tall]], leader of [[Toucouleur Empire]], before his war with Ségou.

=== Kenedougou Kingdom ===
{{main|Kénédougou Kingdom}}
The [[Senufo people|Senufo]] Kenedugu Kingdom originated in the 17th century in the area around what is now the border of Mali and [[Burkina Faso]]. In 1876 the capital was moved to [[Sikasso]]. It resisted the effort of [[Samori|Samori Ture]], leader of [[Wassoulou Empire]], in 1887, to conquer it, and was one of the last kingdoms in the area to fall to the French in 1898.

=== Maasina ===
{{main|Massina Empire}}
An Islamic-inspired uprising in the largely [[Fula people|Fula]] [[Inner Niger Delta]] region against rule by Ségou in 1818 led to the establishment of a separate state. It later allied with [[Bambara Empire]] against [[Umar Tall]]'s [[Toucouleur Empire]] and was also defeated by it in 1862.

=== Toucouleur Empire ===
{{main|Toucouleur Empire}}
This empire, founded by [[El Hadj Umar Tall]] of the [[Toucouleur people]]s, beginning in 1864, ruled eventually most of what is now Mali until the French conquest of the region in 1890. This was a turbulent period, with ongoing resistance in Messina and increasing pressure from the French.

=== Wassoulou Empire ===
{{Main|Wassoulou Empire}}
The Wassoulou or Wassulu Empire was a short-lived (1878–1898) empire, led by [[Samori|Samori Ture]] in the predominantly [[Mandinka people|Malinké]] area of what is now upper [[Guinea]] and southwestern Mali (Wassoulou). It later moved to [[Ivory Coast]] before being conquered by the French.